Early Numeracy Support and Mathematical Readiness among Key Stage 1 Learners
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21397800Keywords:
Early numeracy support, Foundational mathematics, Key Stage 1 learners, Mathematical readiness, Partial least squares structural equation modeling, Predictive modelingAbstract
This study investigated how early numeracy support contributed to the mathematical readiness of Key Stage 1 learners at Cauayan North Central School. A cross-sectional explanatory-predictive design was employed, and participants were selected through proportionate stratified random sampling across grade levels and class sections. Data were gathered using the Early Numeracy Support and Mathematical Readiness Battery, which demonstrated strong content validity, internal consistency, and inter-rater agreement. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was applied to assess the measurement model, estimate the predictive influence of early numeracy support, and determine out-of-sample predictive performance. Findings showed that early numeracy support was often provided, with guided counting and access to concrete and visual materials receiving the highest ratings. Mathematical readiness was at the developing level, with stronger performance in numeral recognition, counting, and quantity comparison than in basic operations and the application of mathematical ideas to simple situations. The measurement model satisfied the established criteria for reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Early numeracy support significantly predicted mathematical readiness (β = .617, p < .001) and explained 38.1% of its variance. The model also demonstrated predictive relevance across all readiness domains. The findings indicate that consistent, differentiated, and developmentally appropriate numeracy support strengthens foundational mathematical learning. Schools should intensify daily numeracy routines, targeted intervention, formative assessment, and home-based mathematics activities, particularly in operations, pattern recognition, and practical problem solving.
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