Mathematics Persistence as Influenced by Mathematics Higher-Order Thinking Skills and School Classroom Engagement in Math
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23924696Keywords:
Education, mathematical higher-order thinking skills, school classroom engagement in mathematics, mathematics persistence, descriptive- correlational, PhilippinesAbstract
This study examined the influence of mathematical higher-order thinking skills and school classroom engagement in math on the mathematics persistence of Grade 10 students in selected private schools in Davao City. A quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was employed. Data were gathered using adapted research instruments which were validated by experts and subjected to reliability test. Mean, standard deviation, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Based on the findings, the level of mathematical higher-order thinking skills was moderate, school classroom engagement in mathematics was high, and mathematics persistence was moderate. Results further revealed that mathematical higher-order thinking skills and school classroom engagement in mathematics were significantly and positively related to mathematics persistence. Moreover, mathematical higher-order thinking skills and school classroom engagement in mathematics were found to be significant predictors of mathematics persistence among Grade 10 students.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, A., Abd Rahman, A., & Hamzah, M. (2017). Metacognitive skills of Malaysian students in non-routine mathematical problem solving. Bolema: Mathematics Education Bulletin, 31(57), 295–315. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-4415v31n57a15
Abla, C., & Fraumeni, B. R. (2019). Student engagement: Evidence-based strategies to boost academic and social-emotional results. McREL International.
Alpaslan, M. M., & Ulubey, O. (2021). Examining the relations between emotions, motivation, classroom engagement and achievement in mathematics. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 7(4), 1042–1057. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.1953
Anino, M. P., & Ubalde, M. V. (2025). Socio-emotional learning skills in mathematics: A systematic literature review. Journal of Innovations in Teaching and Learning, 5(1), 44–48. https://doi.org/10.12691/jitl-5-1-7
Anyakamunelechi, O., Nkeiruka, N., Uzman, A., & Chima, N. (2025). Effect of immediate feedback strategy on the mathematics task-persistence and self-efficacy belief of low achieving students: Implication for educational managers in the need for socio-economic development. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 31(2), Article 10781. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v31i2.10781
Aquino, R. M., Buen, M. T., & Calantas, E. J. (2024). Understanding STEM learners: Engagement and success in mathematics. Antorcha: The Official Research Journal of Undergraduate Students, 10(1).
Asoy, N. E. M. P., & Picaza, N. R. R. (2025). Persistence, self-efficacy, and achievement in mathematics. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 583–593. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra20603
Aujero, L., & Fuentebilla, R. (2025). Structured approach in critical thinking skills and mathematics anxiety of grade 12 STEM students of Isulan National High School. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 9, 260–269. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.90400021
Barana, A., Boetti, G., & Marchisio, M. (2022). Self-assessment in the development of mathematical problem-solving skills. Education Sciences, 12(2), Article 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12020081
Bedada, T., Machaba, F., & Kuona, G. (2025). Grade 11 learners' views on their engagement with mathematics through mathematical modelling. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 21, Article 16514. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/16514
Berhanu A., S., & Moges, B. (2025). Development and validation of a secondary school classroom engagement instrument in math and science in the Ethiopian context. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, Article 1491615. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1491615
Bettinger, E., Ludvigsen, S., Rege, M., Solli, I. F., & Yeager, D. (2018). Increasing perseverance in math: Evidence from a field experiment in Norway. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 146, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2017.11.032
Bhuvanasri, P., Agarwal, D., & Sai Sreelekha, U. (2025). Research designs in quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR).
Cagulada, J. B. P., & Ucang, J. T. (2025). The relationship between mathematical disposition and academic performance among junior high school students. Ignatian International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 3(5), 344–356. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15389178
Caminse, A., Cadal, J., & Yurango, C. (2025). A quantitative study on 21st-century learning skills and mathematical identity of math majors. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 51(6), 1481–1487. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2025/v51i62090
Capunong, M., & Apohen, S. (2026). Engagement, attitude and mathematics performance of marine engineering students. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 10(8). https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2026.100800575
DiNapoli, J. (2023). Distinguishing between grit, persistence, and perseverance for learning mathematics with understanding. Education Sciences, 13(4), Article 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13040402
Durksen, T. L., Way, J., Bobis, J., & Anderson, J. (2017). Motivation and engagement in mathematics: A qualitative framework for teacher-student interactions. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 29, 163–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-017-0199-1
Dyah Prastiti, T. (2020). Problem-based learning on the learning perseverance of Indonesian senior high school students in solving mathematical problems. Bolema: Mathematics Education Bulletin, 34, 1206–1220. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-4415v34n68a17
Erdogan, F., & Sengul, S. (2017). The effect of cooperative learning method enhanced with metacognitive strategies on students’ metacognitive skills in math course. Eğitim ve Bilim, 42(192). https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2017.6492
Fairman, J., Feng, M., & Roschelle, J. (2025). Teachers’ use of learning analytics data from students’ online math practice assignments to better focus instruction. Digital Experiences in Mathematics Education, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40751-025-00170-3
Fatah, A., Suryadi, D., Sabandar, J., & Turmudi, T. (2016). Open-ended approach: An effort in cultivating students' mathematical creative thinking ability and self-esteem in mathematics. Journal on Mathematics Education, 7(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.7.1.2813.9-18
Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059
Frenzel, J.-M., Lampen, C. E., & Brodie, K. (2019). Learners’ awareness of their emotions and their engagement with mathematics tasks in a mathematics club. Journal of Education, 77, 45–66. https://doi.org/10.17159/2520-9868/i77a03
Ghanad, A. (2023). An overview of quantitative research methods. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 6(8). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v6-i8-52
Goh, T. (2025). Learning management system log analytics: The role of persistence and consistency of engagement behaviour on academic success. Journal of Computers in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-025-00358-x
Gosilk, B. (2017). Modular approach in teaching problem solving: A metacognitive process. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 6(8), 670–677. https://doi.org/10.21275/ART20175782
Güner, P., & Erbay, H. (2021). Metacognitive skills and problem-solving. International Journal of Research in Education and Science (IJRES), 7(3), 715–734. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.1594
Hidayat, D., Kim, T., Listiani, T., & Setianingsih, A. R. (2019). Adolescence student behavioral engagement in mathematics class. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 8(2), 244–254. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v8i2.16927
Hidayatullah, A., Abidin, R., & Muqit, A. (2024). Motivation and behavioral engagement: The mediating role of mathematics self-efficacy in primary education. Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, 17(3), 237–246. https://doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2024.170306
Hong, W., Zhen, R., Liu, R., Wang, M., Ding, Y., & Wang, J. (2020). The longitudinal linkages among Chinese children’s behavioural, cognitive, and emotional engagement within a mathematics context. Educational Psychology, 40(5), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2020.1719981
Hyoduk, K., & Ortega-Dela Cruz, R. A. (2024). Contributing and hindering factors of learner’s persistence in a free basic education. Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences, 11(1), 20–40. https://doi.org/10.4995/muse.2024.20173
Ibrahim, I., Khalil, I., & Prahmana, R. (2024). Mathematics learning orientation: Mathematical creative thinking ability or creative disposition? Journal on Mathematics Education, 15(1), 253–276. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v15i1.pp253-276
Iji, C., Abah, J., & Anyor, J. (2018). Educational cloud services and the mathematics confidence, affective engagement, and behavioral engagement of mathematics education students in public universities in Benue State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 9(30).
Imms, W., & Byers, T. (2017). Impact of classroom design on teacher pedagogy and student engagement and performance in mathematics. Learning Environments Research, 20, 139–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-016-9210-0
Jailani, J., Sugiman, S., & Apino, E. (2017). Implementing the problem-based learning in order to improve the students’ HOTS and characters. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika, 4(2), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.21831/jrpm.v4i2.17674
Jang, H., Kim, E., & Reeve, J. (2016). Why students become more engaged or more disengaged during the semester: A self-determination theory dual-process model. Learning and Instruction, 43, 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.01.002
Jansen, A., Curtis, K., Mohammad Mirzaei, A., & Wagner, L. (2023). Secondary mathematics teachers’ descriptions of student engagement. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 113, 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-023-10228-x
Jesto, M. B., Balandra, C. B., & Miranda, A. T. (2025). Critical thinking skills and mathematics performance of teacher education students. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 51(10), 477–487. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2025/v51i102508
Joshi, D. R., Adhikari, K. P., Khanal, B., Khadka, J., & Belbase, S. (2022). Behavioral, cognitive, emotional and social engagement in mathematics learning during COVID-19 pandemic. PLOS ONE, 17(11), Article e0278052. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278052
Jung, Y., & Lee, J. (2018). Learning engagement and persistence in massive open online courses (MOOCs). Computers & Education, 122, 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.02.013
Kamid, K., Kurniawan, D., Perdana, R., Widodi, B., Triani, E., Yathasya, D., & Fadillah, P. (2023). The persistence character and math processing skills of elementary school students in thematic learning. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 7(3), 363–373. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v7i2.55094
Kania, N., Fitriani, C., & Bonyah, E. (2023). Analysis of students’ critical thinking skills based on prior knowledge mathematics. International Journal of Contemporary Studies in Education, 2(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.56855/ijcse.v2i1.248
Kosova, R., Sina, Z., Kapçiu, R., & Kosova, A.-M. (2024). Extending math and coding education beyond the classroom: Projects, assignments, and independent research. International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches, 8, 268–273.
Lewis, G. (2013). Emotion and disaffection with school mathematics. Research in Mathematics Education, 15(1), 74–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/14794802.2012.756636
Lewis, K. L., Stout, J. G., Finkelstein, N. D., Pollock, S. J., Miyake, A., Cohen, G. L., & Ito, T. A. (2017). Fitting in to move forward: Belonging, gender, and persistence in the physical sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics (pSTEM). Psychology of Women Quarterly, 41(4), 420–436. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684317720186
Lu, Y., Supriya, K., Shaked, S., Simmons, E. H., & Kusenko, A. (2025). Incentivizing supplemental math assignments and using AI-generated hints is associated with improved exam performance. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 21(1), Article 010160. https://doi.org/10.1103/v93w-ytyc
Madrilejos, K. (2025). Structural equation model of students' interest, motivation, self-efficacy, persistence, and perceived teaching quality in mathematics. Journal of Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 3. https://doi.org/10.69569/jip.2024.0698
Mau, W.-C. (2016). Characteristics of US students that pursued a STEM major and factors that predicted their persistence in degree completion. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(6), 1495–1500. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2016.040630
Miele, D. B., Browman, A. S., Shen, C., Vasilyeva, M., & Tyumeneva, Y. A. (2022). Domain-general and math-specific self-perceptions of perseverance as predictors of behavioral math persistence. Journal of Experimental Education, 90(3), 593–614. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2020.1799312
Nugroho, A. A., Nizaruddin, N., Dwijayanti, I., & Tristianti, A. (2020). Exploring students’ creative thinking in the use of representations in solving mathematical problems based on cognitive style. Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education (JRAMathEdu), 5(2), 202–217. https://doi.org/10.23917/jramathedu.v5i2.9983
Ogbu, S., & Ugwu, F. C. (2023). Development and validation of mathematics persistence scale for secondary school students. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 18(4), Article em0756. https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/13742
Oppmann, M., & Reinhold, F. (2023). Motivational and emotional engagement mediates the effect of features of educational technology in mathematics classrooms. Frontiers in Education.
Osman, S., Yang, C., Abu, M., Ismail, N., Jambari, H., & Kumar, J. A. (2018). Enhancing students’ mathematical problem-solving skills through bar model visualisation technique. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 13(3), 273–279. https://doi.org/10.12973/iejme/3919
Owusu-Darko, I., Ansah-Hughes, W., & Akpalu, R. (2017). Students' emotional dispositional empathy on mathematical engagement and their performance. European Journal of Alternative Education Studies, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejae.v0i0.555
Pasani, C., & Suryaningsih, Y. (2021). Analysis of students’ higher order thinking skills (HOTS) ability in matrix subjects. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1760, Article 012039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1760/1/012039
Pham, T., Vu, D., & Dinh, V. (2022). The impact of academic aspect quality on student disengagement in higher education. Education Sciences, 12(8), Article 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12080507
Pinugu, J. J. (2021). Examining academic persistence of students in challenging programs: A personal investment theory perspective [Doctoral dissertation, De La Salle University]. DLSU Animo Repository. https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/etd_counseling/2
Pratama, G. S., & Retnawati, H. (2018). Urgency of higher order thinking skills (HOTS) content analysis in mathematics textbook. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1097(1), Article 012147. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1097/1/012147
Puspitasari, L., In'am, A., & Syaifuddin, M. (2018). Analysis of students’ creative thinking in solving arithmetic problems. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.12973/iejme/3962
Qudwatullathifah, R., Maharani, A., & Miftahurrohmah, C. (2025). Students engagement in learning mathematics with the academic performance of elementary school. Klasikal: Journal of Education, Language Teaching and Science, 7(2), 708–715. https://doi.org/10.52208/klasikal.v7i2.1304
Rahman, A., Rusnayati, H., & Muslim, M. (2021). Analysis of the characteristics of higher order thinking skills (HOTS) test on momentum and impulse for senior high school student using item response theory. Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA), 11(2), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v11n2.p127-137
Rahmawati, A., Sa'dijah, C., & Sudirman, S. (2025). Exploring high school students' mathematical representation abilities: Translation from verbal to symbolic using higher-order thinking skills. TEM Journal, 14(3), 2442–2453. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM143-48
Rahmawatiningrum, A., Kusmayadi, T. A., & Fitriana, L. (2019). Student’s ability in solving higher order thinking skills (HOTS) mathematics problem based on learning achievement. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1318, Article 012090. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1318/1/012090
Rajendran, R., & Gopalasamy, R. (2024). Math skills as a key determinant of success in competitive exams. International Journal of Emerging Knowledge Studies, 3(7), 387–390. https://doi.org/10.70333/ijeks-03-07-032
Reinhold, F., Hoch, S., Schiepe-Tiska, A., Strohmaier, A., & Reiss, K. (2021). Motivational and emotional orientation, engagement, and achievement in mathematics: A case study with one sixth-grade classroom working with an electronic textbook on fractions. Frontiers in Education, 6, Article 588472. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.588472
Riazy, S., Simbeck, K., Traeger, M., & Woestenfeld, R. (2021). The effect of prior knowledge on persistence, participation and success in a mathematical MOOC. In H. C. Lane, S. Zvacek, & J. Uhomoibhi (Eds.), Computer Supported Education (Vol. 1473, pp. 450–472). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86439-2_21
Ridwan, M. R., Retnawati, H., Hadi, S., & Jailani. (2021). The effectiveness of innovative learning on mathematical problem-solving ability: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Research in Education and Science (IJRES), 7(3), 910–932. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.2287
Rivas, S. F., & Saiz, C. (2016). The effects of teaching critical thinking persist over time. Journal of Education and Human Development, 5(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.15640/jehd.v5n1a24
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Sachdeva, S., & Eggen, P.-O. (2021). Learners’ critical thinking about learning mathematics. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 16(3), Article em0644. https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/11003
Sajiman, S., Sumaryati, H., Suryana, A., & Rahmawati, E. (2024). Correlational study of mathematical problem-solving ability of vocational high students based on self-persistence. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, VIII, 2382–2387. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.805172
Schoenherr, J., Schukajlow, S., & Pekrun, R. (2025). Emotions in mathematics learning: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ZDM–Mathematics Education, 57(4), 603–620. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01651-w
Sen, E. O. (2022). Middle school students’ engagement in mathematics and learning approaches: Structural equation modelling. Pedagogical Research, 7(2), Article em0124. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/11908
Shen, C., Miele, D. B., & Vasilyeva, M. (2016). The relation between college students’ academic mindsets and their persistence during math problem solving. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 9(3), 38–56. https://doi.org/10.11621/pir.2016.0303
Skilling, K., & Stylianides, G. (2022). Using vignettes to investigate mathematics teachers’ beliefs for promoting cognitive engagement in secondary mathematics classroom practice. ZDM – Mathematics Education, 55, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-022-01431-w
Sofroniou, A., & Poutos, K. (2016). Investigating the effectiveness of group work in mathematics. Education Sciences, 6(3), Article 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci6030030
Sridana, N., Qirom, M. S., & Turmuzi, M. (2024). Higher-order thinking skills profile of students in mathematics: Gender perspective. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 9(2), 1120–1128.
Suryawan, I. P. P., Sudiarta, I. G. P., & Suharta, I. G. P. (2023). Students’ critical thinking skills in solving mathematical problems: Systematic literature review. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Review, 6(1), 120–133. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v6i1.56462
Tachie, S. A. (2019). Meta-cognitive skills and strategies application: How this helps learners in mathematics problem-solving. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 15(5), Article em1702. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/105364
Tajik, O., Golzar, J., & Noor, S. (2024). Purposive sampling. International Journal of Educational and Life Sciences, 2(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijels.2025.490681.1029
Tinto, V. (2017). Reflections on student persistence. Student Success, 8(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5204/ssj.v8i2.376
Ugpo, L. A., Tubo, M., & Yurango, C. (2025). Role of metacognitive awareness in enhancing persistence in solving mathematical problems among math majors. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 51(6), 1304–1311. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2025/v51i62075
Utami, P., & Bharata, H. (2020). Analysis of mathematical critical thinking skill of junior high school students on the two-variable linear equation system. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1467(1), Article 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1467/1/012004
Utami, S., Rahmawati, A., & Lusiana, R. (2025). Implementation of problem-based learning based on mathematical literacy to improve student’s higher-order thinking skills. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika (JUPITEK), 8(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.30598/jupitekvol8iss1pp1-16
Van der Walt, M., & Jagals, D. (2016). Enabling metacognitive skills for mathematics problem solving: A collective case study of metacognitive reflection and awareness. African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 20(2), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/18117295.2016.1192239
Velez, A. J. B., Dayaganon, D. G. F., Robigid, J. C., Demorito, J. D., Villegas, J. P., & Gomez, D. O. (2023). Difficulties and coping strategies in understanding mathematical concepts in a private higher education in Tagum City, Davao Del Norte, Philippines. Davao Research Journal (DRJ), 14(1), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.59120/drj.v14i1.10
Verdeflor, R. N., Tenedero, E. Q., Pacadaljen, L. M., et al. (2025). Changing mindsets of previously non-mathematics and science enthusiasts: Factors leading to shift of behaviors towards math and science. Environment and Social Psychology, 10(3), Article 3315. https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i3.3315
Wang, M.-T., Degol, J., & Henry, D. (2019). An integrative development-in-sociocultural-context model for children’s engagement in learning. American Psychologist, 74(9), 1086–1102. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000522
Xiao, F., & Sun, L. (2021). Students’ motivation and affection profiles and their relation to mathematics achievement, persistence, and behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 533593. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.533593
Yaniawati, P., Kariadinata, R., Sari, N. M., Pramiarsih, E. E., & Mariani, M. (2020). Integration of e-learning for mathematics on resource-based learning: Increasing mathematical creative thinking and self confidence. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(6), 60–78. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i06.11915
Yayuk, E., Purwanto, As’ari, A. R., & Subanji. (2020). Primary school students’ creative thinking skills in mathematics problem solving. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(3), 1281–1295. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.9.3.1281
Yumiati, Y. (2013). Critical thinking in mathematics: What, why, and how can be developed in mathematics learning. Journal of Educational Research, 4(2), 45–52.
Zana, F., Sa'dijah, C., & Susiswo, S. (2022). LOTS to HOTS: How do mathematics teachers improve students’ higher-order thinking skills in the class. International Journal of Trends in Mathematics Education Research, 5(3), 251–260. https://doi.org/10.33122/ijtmer.v5i3.143
Zeng, H., & Xin, Y. (2024). Comparing learning persistence and engagement in asynchronous and synchronous online learning, the role of autonomous academic motivation and time management. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2344033
Zhou, Y., Ning, Y., Chen, J., Zhang, W., & Wijaya, T. T. (2024). Development and validation of Mathematical Higher‐Order Thinking Scale for high school students. Psychology in the Schools, 61(8), 3160–3192. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.23213
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.