Language of Selected Southeast Asian Authors: Basis for Psychoanalytic Analysis of Literary Texts

Authors

  • Albert C. Drio Sta. Lucia High School Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19653654

Keywords:

Character Development, Freudian Concepts, Language Analysis, Literary Texts, Psychoanalytic Theory, Subconscious, Thematic Analysis

Abstract

This study explored the language of selected Southeast Asian literary texts as a foundation for psychoanalytic literary analysis, focusing on how authors depict the psychological and emotional dimensions of characters. Employing a qualitative-descriptive design, the research examined narrative techniques, linguistic devices, and character traits across ten primary texts. Findings revealed ten core psychological themes: trauma and repression, identity and self-alienation, guilt and conscience, power and control, loss and grief, fear and paranoia, love and obsession, betrayal and trust, survival and resilience, and fate and free will—alongside six additional dimensions, including memory of the haunting past, isolation, conflict between tradition and modernity, repression of unconscious desires, identity and self-discovery, and power and oppression. Linguistic strategies such as fragmented syntax, stream-of-consciousness, metaphorical language, and sensory imagery, together with narrative techniques including unreliable narration, nonlinear narrative, multiple perspectives, and psychological focalization, illuminated characters’ inner lives, moral conflicts, and emotional turbulence. A Teacher’s Guide was developed to enable teachers to help students to critically analyze and interpret selected texts through a psychoanalytic lens, promoting reflective thinking, interpretive skills, and psychological awareness in literary education.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adler, A. (2011). The neurotic constitution: Outlines of a comparative individualistic psychology. Martino Fine Books. (Original work published 1912)

Ahmad, A. (2014). Intergenerational Conflict in Malaysian Literature: A Psychological Perspective. University Of Malaya Press.

Anderson, B. R. O’G. (2006). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism (Rev. ed.). Verso.

Aziz, Z. H. (2025). Modern power and self imposition in Foucauldian perspective. Raparin Journal of Humanities, 12(1).

Bhabha, H. K. (2004). The location of culture (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Beaty, R. E., Benedek, M., Kaufman, S. B., & Silvia, P. J. (2015). Default and executive network coupling support creative idea production. Scientific Reports, 5, 10964. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10964

Becker, J. (2011). The Craft of Writing Poetry. Writer's Digest Books.

Bennett, A., & Royle, N. (2004). An introduction to literature, criticism, and theory (3rd ed.). Pearson Longman.

Booth, W. C. (2010). The rhetoric of fiction. University of Chicago Press. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/R/bo5965941.html

Bowlby, J. (2007). Loss: Sadness and depression (Vol. 3). Pimlico. (Original work published 1980)

Bridgeman, J. (2005). Effective Strategies for Teaching Psychoanalytic Criticism Using Case Studies. University Of California, Berkeley Press.

Bridgeman, J. (2005). Applying Psychoanalytic Theory in the Classroom: Enhancing Empathy and Emotional Intelligence. University Of California, Berkeley Press.

Brooks, P. (2014). Reading For the Plot: Design and Intention in Narrative. Harvard University Press.

Burke, M. (Ed.). (2014). The Routledge Handbook of Stylistics. Routledge.

Caruth, C. (Ed.). (2001). Trauma: Explorations In Memory. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Christoff, K., Irving, Z. C., Fox, K. C. R., Spreng, R. N., & Andrews-Hanna, J. R. (2016). Mind-wandering as spontaneous thought: A dynamic framework. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17(11), 718–731. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2016.113

Cohn, D. (2005). Transparent Minds: Narrative Modes for Presenting Consciousness in Fiction. Princeton University Press.

Cohn, D. (2020). Narrative Techniques and Psychoanalytic Theory in Contemporary Literature. Routledge.

Concina, E. (2022). The relationship between self‑ and peer assessment in higher education: A systematic review. Trends in Higher Education, 1(1), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.3390/higheredu1010004

Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.

Cutting, J. E. (2019). Large-scale narrative events in popular cinema: A cognitive research perspective. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 4(34). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-019-0188-x

Donovan, C., & Ustundag, E. (2017). Graphic narratives, trauma and social justice. Studies in Social Justice, 11(2), 221–237.

Eakin, P. J. (2008). Living Autobiographically: How We Create Identity in Narrative. Cornell University Press.

Ehring, T., & Watkins, E. R. (2008). Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1(3), 192–205.

Ellmann, M. (2020). Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism. Edinburgh University Press.

English Studies.net. (2022). Using hubris: Psychoanalytic perspectives on hubris. Retrieved from https://english-studies.net/using-hubris/

Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. W. W. Norton & Company.

Fairclough, N. (2000). Discourse, social theory, and social research: The discourse of welfare reform. Routledge. https://research.usq.edu.au/download/0b6c62bcaa3d117b181215c25d16cc999df950d0bd178bed8e815e6be5e7df86/76463/Henderson_MSE_v46n2_AV.pdf

Fanon, F. (2004). The wretched of the earth (R. Philcox, Trans.). Grove Press. (Original work published 1961)

Ferry, J. (2017). The unreliable narrator: Understanding narrative ambiguity and reader response. University of Massachusetts ScholarWorks. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/bitstreams/cd5fedf6-19ed-4d0a-99ce-8a5923f6a050/download

Fludernik, M. (2009). An introduction to narratology. Routledge.

Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books. (Original work published 1977)

Forgas, J. P. (2011). Affective influences on self-disclosure: Mood effects on the intimacy and reciprocity of disclosing personal information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(3), 449–461. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021129

Frankl, V. E. (2006). Man’s search for meaning. Beacon Press. (Original work published 1946)

Freeman, D., & Loe, B. S. (2023). Explaining paranoia: cognitive and social processes in the occurrence of extreme mistrust. BMJ Mental Health, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2023-300880

Freud, S. (1955). The unconscious (A. A. Brill, Trans.). The Hogarth Press. (Original work published in 1915)

Freud, S. (1957). Mourning and melancholia (J. Strachey, Trans.). W. W. Norton & Company. (Original work published 1917)

Freud, S. (1961). The ego and the id (J. Strachey, Trans.). W. W. Norton & Company. (Original work published 1923

Gallagher, C. (2019). Literature And Mental Health: Reading for Well-Being. Palgrave Macmillan.

Gibson, J. (2017). Symbolism And Interpretation. Cambridge University Press.

Gilman, S. L. (2008). Madness And Modernism: Insanity In the Light of Modern Art, Literature, And Thought. Routledge.

Grief as pathology: The evolution of grief theory in psychology from Freud to the present. (2010). Psychological Bulletin.

Golomb, J. (2011). In search of authenticity: Existentialism from Kierkegaard to Camus (updated edition). Routledge.

Goatly, A. (2007). Washing The Brain: Metaphor And Hidden Ideology. John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Green, M. C., & Brock, T. C. (2000). The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 701–721. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.701

Hall, S. (2010). Identity And Difference. Routledge.

Halmari, H. (2015). Metaphor In Use: Context, Culture, And Communication. John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Hanafi, H. (2024). Engaging with unreliable narrators: Cognitive and interpretive effects in narrative comprehension. Revue Akofena, 37(S13), 447–460.

Helm, P. (2024). Psychoanalytic criticism in literature. Medium. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@phelm_77516/psychoanalytic-criticism-in-literature-730105e89838

Herman, D. (2011). Story Logic: Problems And Possibilities of Narrative. University Of Nebraska Press.

Hinton, P. (2021). Madness In Contemporary Literature: Fiction and Madness. Bloomsbury Academic.

Holland, N. N. (2016). The brain and the meaning of life: A reader’s guide to neuropsychology and culture. Routledge.

Holden, P. (2009). Filipino Literature and Society: Writing the Nation. Palgrave Macmillan.

Houghton, K. J., Poirier, R. C., & Klin, C. M. (2023). Credible narrators and misinformed readers: The influence of narrator credibility on memory and acceptance of information. Memory & Cognition, 51, 825–844.

Jung, C. (2008). Collective unconscious; archetypes. In W. A. Darity, Jr. (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (2nd ed., Vol. 4, pp. 228–231). Macmillan Reference USA.

Kidd, D., & Castano, E. (2018). Reading literary fiction can improve theory of mind. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(9), 604–611.

Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in the new media age. Routledge. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1319386

Koh, T. (2019). Urbanization And Existentialism in Singaporean Literature. National University of Singapore Press.

Lacan, J. (2006). Écrits: The first complete edition in English (B. Fink, Trans.). W.W. Norton & Company.

Lacapra, D. (2011). History And Memory After Auschwitz. Cornell University Press.

Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (2003). Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press.

Laplanche, J., & Pontalis, J.-B. (2019). The language of psycho-analysis (D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans.). Routledge. (Original work published 1973)

Lerner, R., & Thompson, S. (2011). Role-Playing As a Tool for Psychoanalytic Criticism in Literature Education. University Of Michigan Press.

Lerner, R., Thompson, S., & Matthews, L. (2012). Psychoanalytic Approaches to Teaching Complex Social Issues: Racism and Sexism in Focus. University Of Michigan Press.

Lim, L., & Lim, T. M. (2012). Challenging Dominant Narratives: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Southeast Asian Literature. Journal Of Literature and Linguistics, 11(2), 123–144.

Mackey Kallis, S. (2024). Jungian archetypes and the collective unconscious. EBSCO Research Starters. EBSCO

Mar, R. A., Oatley, K., & Peterson, J. B. (2009). Exploring the link between reading fiction and empathy: Ruling out individual differences and examining outcomes. Communications, 34(4), 407–428. https://doi.org/10.1515/COMM.2009.025

Martin, J. (2016). The post-9/11 Novel and the Crisis of Meaning. Routledge.

Miall, D. S., & Kuiken, D. (2002). "A Feeling for Fiction: Becoming What We Behold." Poetics, 30(4), 221–241.

Mourning and melancholia revisited: Correspondences between principles of Freudian metapsychology and empirical findings in neuropsychiatry. (2008). Annals of General Psychiatry, 7, 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-859X-7-9

Morrison, T. (2020). Playing In the Dark: Whiteness and The Literary Imagination. Vintage Books.

Mønster, L. (2018). Dream poems: The surreal conditions of modernism. Humanities, 7(4), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/h7040112

Nguyen, T., O’Dea, B., Boonstra, T. W., Larsen, M. E., Venkatesh, S., & Christensen, H. (2021). The relationship between linguistic expression in blog content and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts: A longitudinal study. PLoS ONE, 16(5), e0251787. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251787

Nguyen, V. (2018). Nothing Ever Dies: Vietnam and The Memory of War. Harvard University Press.

Nussbaum, M. C. (2011). Creating capabilities: The human development approach. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Owen, L. L. W., Chang, T. H., & Manning, J. R. (2021). High-level cognition during story listening is reflected in high-order dynamic correlations in neural activity patterns. Nature Communications, 12, 5728.

Parija, R. (2023). Resilience and resistance: Voices of Indigenous women in contemporary literature. International Journal of Science and Social Science Research, 1(3), 151–154. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13519074

Pennebaker, J. W., Booth, R. J., & Francis, M. E. (2007). LIWC2007: Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count – Manual. LIWC.net.

Prince, M. (2004). Does active learning work? A review of the research. Journal of Engineering Education, 93(3), 223–231. https//doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2004.tb00809.x

Puar, J. K. (2021). The Right to Maim: Debility, Capacity, Disability. Duke University Press.

Radstone, S. (2012). The Sexual Politics of Time: Confession, Nostalgia, Memory. Routledge.

Rapley, T. (2007). Doing conversation, discourse, and document analysis. Sage Publications.

Rocklage, M. D., Rucker, D. D., & Nordgren, L. F. (2018). Persuasion, emotion, and language: The intent to persuade transforms language via emotionality. Psychological Science, 29(5), 749–760. https://doi.org/10.1177/095679761

Rosenthal, J. (2018). Dystopian Fiction and Existential Anxiety: Alienation in Oppressive Worlds. Palgrave Macmillan.

Ruthrof, H. (2015). Beyond The Thaw: Trauma and Memory in Post-Soviet Fiction. University Of Toronto Press.

Said, E. W. (2003). Orientalism. Penguin Classics. (bibguru.com)

Salmon, G., & Wright, P. (2014). Transforming future teaching through digital learning. Educational Sciences, 4(3), 293–307. Htpps://doi.org/10.3390/edu

Sartre, J.-P. (1992). Being and nothingness (H. E. Barnes, Trans.). Washington Square Press. (Original work published 1943)

Sawyer, R. K. (2020). Incorporating movie clips to validate learning. Journal of Education and Learning, 9(2), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v9n2p41

Scrivner, C. (2021). Caring away anxiety: Perspectives on horror exposure as anxiety coping. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 10(3), 315–328. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000320

Semino, E. (2020). Metaphor In Discourse. Cambridge University Press.

Semino, E., & Culpeper, J. (2002). Cognitive Stylistics: Language and Cognition in Text Analysis. John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Sevilla-Vallejo, S. (2023). Women, literature, and resilience: A narrative of strength and triumph. Mental Health & Human Resilience International Journal, 7(2), Article 000235. https://doi.org/10.23880/mhrij-16000235

Sloan, D. M., & Marx, B. P. (2015). Writing for psychological health: A review of the evidence. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 1–15.

Silva, R. D., Ballenghein, P., & just, under review. (2022). Effects of negative emotional valence on readers’ text processing and memory for text: An eye tracking study. Reading and Writing, 35(4), 987–1005.

Smith, A. (2005). Colonial Memory and Postcolonial Europe. Cambridge University Press.

Smith, B. (2008). The Poetics of Imagery in Contemporary Poetry. Cambridge University Press.

Song, H., Park, B. y., & Shim, W. M. (2021). Cognitive and neural state dynamics of narrative comprehension. Journal of Neuroscience, 41(43), 8972–8990. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0037-21.2021

Spivak, G. C. (2008). Other Asias. Blackwell Publishing. (archive.org)

Stein, G. (2002). The Modernist Imagination: Intellectual History and Critical Theory. University of Chicago Press.

Stockwell, P. (2019). Cognitive Poetics: An Introduction. Routledge.

Thompson, C. C. (2018). Advancing critical thinking through learning issues in problem‑based learning. Medical Science Educator, 29(1), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670‑018‑00649‑2

Toolan, M. (2016). Making sense of narrative discourse: An introduction to narrative linguistics (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Toolan, M. (2001). Narrative: A critical linguistic introduction (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Tremain, R. (2010). Madness, Disability, And Social Exclusion: The Archaeology and Anthropology of Difference. Routledge.

Tyson, L. (2006). Critical theory today: A user-friendly guide (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Van Dijk, T. A. (2020). Discourse And Literature: New Approaches to the Analysis of Literary Genres. Cambridge University Press.

Van Laer, T., de Ruyter, K., Visconti, L. M., & Wetzels, M. (2013). The extended transportation imagery model: A meta-analysis of the antecedents and consequences of consumers’ narrative transportation. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(5), 797–817.

Vohs, K., Johnson, L., & Smith, M. (2020). Developing A Positive Sense of Self-Identity: The Benefits of Psychoanalytic Teaching Methods. University Of Cambridge Press.

Vohs, K., & Johnson, L. (2020). Digital Humanities Tools in Teaching Psychoanalytic Concepts. University Of Cambridge Press.

Vohs, K., & Johnson, L. (2020). Digital tools for analyzing psychoanalytic concepts: Enhancing comprehension through visualization. Journal of Digital Humanities Education, 5(1), 12–29.

Voss, P., Nguyen, M., & Harper, R. (2022). Enhancing Engagement with Psychoanalytic Theory Through Online Discussions and Multimedia Materials. University Of California, San Diego Press.

Wertsch, J. V. (2007). Vygotsky And the Social Formation of Mind. Harvard University Press.

Yalom, I. D. (2008). Staring at the sun: Overcoming the terror of death. Jossey-Bass.

Zhou, X., & Lei, X. (2018). Wandering minds with wandering brain networks: Default mode contributions to spontaneous thought. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.07.002

Downloads

Published

2026-04-24

How to Cite

Drio, A. (2026). Language of Selected Southeast Asian Authors: Basis for Psychoanalytic Analysis of Literary Texts. International Journal of Education, Research, and Innovation Perspectives, 2(4), 701-717. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19653654

Similar Articles

11-20 of 159

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.