Empirically Grounded Strategic Framework for Institutionalizing Organizational Development in the Selected Local Government Units of Camarines Sur

Authors

  • Ivy D. Jeremias University of Sto. Tomas-Legazpi Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20183144

Keywords:

Organizational Development, Local Government Units, Training and Development, Strategic Alignment, Competency-Based Capacity, Camarines Sur, Institutionalization, Training Transfer Gap

Abstract

This study developed an empirically grounded strategic framework for institutionalizing Organizational Development (OD) within ten local government units (LGUs) in Camarines Sur. Employing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study utilized a mixed-methods approach involving 100 survey respondents and 10 key informants to assess the impact of training and development (T&D) programs. The findings revealed that while T&D initiatives have a "High Impact" on knowledge enhancement (Mean = 4.33) and skills development (Mean = 4.08), a significant "training translation gap" exists where learning does not automatically translate into sustained workplace performance. Regression analysis identified organizational alignment (β = 0.643) as the strongest predictor of job performance, highlighting that training effectiveness is fundamentally system-dependent. Qualitative evidence further indicated that while leadership support is strong, deficiencies in mentoring, coaching, and formal recognition systems constrain long-term impact. The study concluded that LGU institutional capacity, rather than training content alone, drives differences in outcomes. Consequently, a strategic framework was proposed, built upon four pillars: participatory governance, competency-based development, data-driven decision-making, and strategic alignment. This framework re-conceptualizes training as an integrated subsystem within a broader OD architecture to foster continuous adaptation and improved public service delivery. By institutionalizing these systemic linkages, LGUs can transition from fragmented, compliance-oriented training toward becoming sustainable learning organizations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aguinis, H., & Kraiger, K. (2009). Benefits of training and development for individuals and teams, organizations, and society. Annual Review of Psychology, 60(1), 451–474. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163505

Alkhatib, A. J. (2025). The impact of transformational leadership on training and organizational innovation. International Journal of Management.

Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2021). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice (15th ed.). Kogan Page.

Atilano-Tang, L. A. (2023). Lessons from National Irrigation Authority in Zamboanga: Collaborative governance and organizational performance. SSRN. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4535645

Baldwin, T. T., & Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel Psychology, 41(1), 63–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1988.tb00632.x

Bautista, A. L. (2017). Training and development practices and employee performance in selected government agencies in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Public Administration, 61(2), 101–120.

Becker, G. S. (1993). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education (3rd ed.). University of Chicago Press.

Bertalanffy, L. von. (1968). General system theory: Foundations, development, applications. George Braziller.

Bicol Mail. (2025, March 10). EDMERO conducts 4-day GIS training for LGUs in Camarines Sur. https://www.bicolmail.net/single-post/edmero-conducts-4-day-gis-training

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Brinkerhoff, R. O. (2006). Telling training’s story: Evaluation made simple, credible, and effective. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Burke, W. W. (2017). Organization change: Theory and practice (5th ed.). Sage Publications.

Burke, W. W., & Litwin, G. H. (1992). A causal model of organizational performance and change. Journal of Management, 18(3), 523–545. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639201800306

Calipay, C. (2023, February 6). Camarines Sur disaster responders level up skills. Philippines News Agency. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1194493

Cao, W., Gao, F., & Zhao, Y. (2023). A meta-analysis of the effects of blended learning on performance, attitude, achievement, and engagement across different countries. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1212056

Ch, S. N. (2025). The effect of public sector training on employee productivity and service quality: The mediating role of job satisfaction. [Preprint]. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33645.91361

Cheung, V. K. L. (2023). Expanding the scope of the Kirkpatrick model from training evaluation to impact evaluation: A proposed framework. BMC Medical Education, 23(1).

Civil Service Commission (CSC). (2017a). Policy on continuous professional development for government personnel. CSC Official Publications.

Civil Service Commission (CSC). (2017b). Program to institutionalize meritocracy and excellence in human resource management (PRIME-HRM). CSC Philippines.

Civil Service Commission (CSC). (2022). Competency-based human resource systems guidebook. CSC.

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.

Da-ang, J., Queja, D. M. V., Sendin, T. M. J., Tottoc, A. A. P., Villanueva, C. M. O., & Mania, J. R. (2024). Assessing the perceived benefits of training and development on employee performance in municipal financial management offices: A case study of Solano’s Local Government Unit. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science. https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/assessing-the-perceived-benefits-of-training-and-development-on-employee-performance-in-municipal-financial-management-offices-a-case-study-of-solanos-local-government-unit/

De Jong, B., et al. (2023). Investigating transfer motivation profiles: Antecedents and consequences for training transfer. Education Sciences, 13(12), Article 1232. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13121232

De Vergara, M. F. (2025, March 10). EDMERO conducts four-day basic GIS training for CamSur LGUs. CamSur News and Updates. https://www.camarinessur.gov.ph/news/200

Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). (2022a). Assessment of training programs in local government units. DILG Research Reports.

Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). (2022b). State of local governance capacity report. DILG Philippines.

Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). (2023). Capacity development agenda for local governments 2023–2028. DILG.

DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale development: Theory and applications (4th ed.). Sage.

Ehimen, T., & Ekpe, I. (2020). The impact of training and development on organizational performance. RSIS International Journal of Research and Innovation.

Estrella, R. A. (2024). Capacity-building initiatives for tourism stakeholders in Camarines Sur: An evaluation study. Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology Research Journal, 5(1), 45–57.

Faisal-E-Alam, M. (2025). Exploring the hierarchical framework of the Kirkpatrick model in public-sector training evaluation. Evaluation and Program Planning. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2025.1025XX

Fetters, M. D., Curry, L. A., & Creswell, J. W. (2013). Achieving integration in mixed methods designs—Principles and practices. Health Services Research, 48(6), 2134–2156. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.12117

French, W. L., & Bell, C. H. (1999). Organization development: Behavioral science interventions for organization improvement (6th ed.). Prentice Hall.

Gautam, A. (2025). University faculty perceptions of training transfer and professional development. Frontiers in Education. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1553377

Geerts, J. M., et al. (2024). Maximizing the impact and ROI of leadership development. Journal of Management Development.

Ghaffari Heshajin, S., Sedghi, S., Panahi, S., & Takian, A. (2024). A framework for health information governance: A scoping review. Health Research Policy and Systems, 22, Article 109. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-024-01193-9

Gutierrez, C. B., de Guzman, A. B., & Torres, J. R. (2010). Human resource development practices and organizational performance in local government units. Philippine Journal of Human Resource Management, 3(1), 25–39.

Haghighi, H., & Takian, A. (2024). Institutionalization for good governance to reach sustainable health development: A framework analysis. Globalization and Health, 20, Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-023-01009-5

Haghighi, H., Takian, A., & Raoofi, A. (2023). Institutionalization of health system to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. International Journal of Public Health, 68, Article 1606197. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2023.1606197

Han, J., Pei, J., & Tong, H. (2025). Unveiling public innovation management: What data mining reveals by analyzing Brazilian experiences. Brazilian Administration Review, 22(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2025240077

Haunstrup, J. S. (2024). Leadership training and just-in-time nudges: Supporting transfer in everyday work. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.

Hjelmar, U. (2021). The institutionalization of public sector innovation. Public Management Review, 23(1), 53–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2019.1665702

Holton, E. F., Bates, R. A., & Ruona, W. E. A. (2000). Development of a generalized learning transfer system inventory. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 11(4), 333–360. https://doi.org/10.1002/1532-1096(200024)11:4<333::AID-HRDQ2>3.0.CO;2-P

Hoppmann, N. A., et al. (2025). Evaluation according to Kirkpatrick levels 1–3: A medical education program. BMC Medical Education.

Hosseini, F. S., Hajimiri, S. H., Kebriaeezadeh, A., et al. (2024). The vital role of good governance in a public health crisis: The case of managing access to medicines in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. Discover Health Systems, 3, Article 99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44250-024-00165-8

IJLTEMAS. (2023). The impact of training and development on organizational performance. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, 12(8). https://www.ijltemas.in/articles/the-impact-of-training-and-development-on-organizational-performance

Jamelbozorgi, A., et al. (2022). The effect of training and development, supervisor support and compensation on employee retention: Evidence from nursing staff. BIRCU Journal. https://www.bircu-journal.com/index.php/birci/article/view/4982

Khan, M. (2023). Training and development: Concepts, methods, and applications. INFLIBNET Digital Library.

Kirkpatrick, D. L., & Kirkpatrick, J. D. (2016). Evaluating training programs: The four levels (4th ed.). Berrett-Koehler.

Labayo, M. C. (n.d.). Assessing the impact of professional development programs in local governance: Evidence from selected municipalities in the Bicol Region. University of Nueva Caceres Research Bulletin.

Lan, J. (2023). The role of self-efficacy and self-deception in training transfer: Evidence from service settings. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.

Lewin, K. (1947). Frontiers in group dynamics: Concept, method, and reality in social science; social equilibria and social change. Human Relations, 1(1), 5–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872674700100103

Library & Information Management. (2023). Organizational development and training: A behavioral science approach. LIMBD.

Liu, H., & Sarker, S. (2022). Institutionalization and adoption of organizational practices. Administrative Sciences, 12(2), Article 60.

Makinde, W. A. (2024). Evaluation of technical and vocational education and training programs: Evidence for competency assessment. Journal of Professional Education Studies, 12(2). https://journal.iistr.org/index.php/JPES/article/view/522

Mampuru, M. P., Mokoena, B. A., & Isabirye, A. K. (2024). Training and development impact on job satisfaction, loyalty and retention among academics. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 22. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v22i0.XXXX

McDonnell, A. (2020). Human capital theory and public sector HRM: A critical review. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(20), 2649–2670. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2018.1441163

Mehner, L. (2025). How to maximize the impact of workplace training: Evidence from field studies. International Journal of Training and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2024.2319082

Nazir, E. N. M. (2025). Examining the role of training design, supervisor support and motivation to transfer in Malaysian public sector organizations. Journal of Institutional Innovation.

Nielsen, K., Randall, R., & Taris, T. (2023). A mixed-methods study of the training transfer process: Design, supervision, and workplace applicability. Human Resource Development Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2022.2086646

Noe, R. A. (2017). Employee training and development (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Noor’ain Mohamad Yunus, N., Sharuddin, N., & Mohd Abas, M. K. (2023). The impact of perceived organisational support, supervisor support and self-efficacy on transfer of training among public service officers. Journal of Public Administration Studies.

O’Neill, A. (2025). Transfer of workplace e-learning: A systematic literature review. Computers & Education.

Okongwu, J. (2023). Designing strategic frameworks for sustainable organizational change. International Journal of Research and Scientific Studies, 6(2), 68–81.

OneCoreDev IT. (2024). HR training and development programs in the Philippines: 10 strategies for success. https://onecoredevit.com/news-and-insights/human-resources/hr-training-and-development-programs-in-the-ph-10-strategies

Onyeche, R. (2018). Impact of training and development on effective performance of workers in the public sector. UniProjects.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2019). Public service leadership and capability: Strengthening the foundations of policy making. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/3d8698d2-en

Palazzi, F. (2025). The institutionalisation of a new management control system: A case-based analysis of diffusion from pilot to routine adoption. Journal of Management & Governance. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-025-09753-z

Pradeep, S. (2022). The impact of training and development on employee performance and service delivery. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(4).2022.XX

Provincial Government of Camarines Sur. (2024). The Provincial Health Office conducts immunization and vaccine management training. https://camsur.com/news/168

Provincial Government of Camarines Sur. (2025). Gov. Luigi Animation Training Program: Enhancing creative industry skills in Camarines Sur. Official Provincial Government Report.

Ramos, J. P., dela Cruz, M. A., & Villanueva, R. S. (2023). Capacity-building initiatives and governance performance in Metro Naga local government units. Philippine Journal of Public Administration, 67(1), 45–68.

Rodriguez, R., & Walters, J. (2017). Transfer of training and performance outcomes. University of the Philippines–Visayas.

RPN Radio. (2025, April 8). Iriga 5-day training for instructors (TFI) at the Provincial Government Complex, Pili, Camarines Sur. https://rpnradio.com/iriga-5-days-training-for-instructors-tfi-at-the-provincial-government-complex-pili-camarines-sur

Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2012). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data (3rd ed.). Sage.

Salas, E., Tannenbaum, S. I., Kraiger, K., & Smith-Jentsch, K. A. (2015). The science of training and development in organizations. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(2), 74–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100612436661

Sardi, A., & Sorano, E. (2021). Dynamic performance management: An approach for managing the common goods. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.04090

Shi, F. (2025). Meta-analysis reveals the effectiveness evaluation of blended learning across disciplines. Frontiers in Education Sciences.

Song, S. (2025). Blended learning in vocational education: Meta-analytic insights. International Journal of Vocational Education.

Supervisor Support Meta-Analysis. (2022). Supervisor support and training transfer: A meta-analysis. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361446629

Taheri, T., Amerzadeh, M., Alizadeh, A., et al. (2025). The impact of good governance on organizational health, with the mediating role of organizational accountability: Considering the influence of demographic and organizational variables. BMC Health Services Research, 25, Article 892. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12921-4

Training and Development Authority of the Philippines. (2023). National competency-based training framework for local government units. Department of the Interior and Local Government.

Transfer of Training Review. (2022). Transfer of training: The revised review and analysis. Scientific Research Publishing. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=121302

Wang, R., et al. (2024). Systematic literature review on the effects of blended learning in nursing and health education. Nurse Education Today. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2024.104XXXX

Wątróbski, J., Bączkiewicz, A., & Rudawska, I. (2023). A strong sustainability paradigm-based Analytical Hierarchy Process (SSP-AHP) method to evaluate sustainable healthcare systems. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.00718

Yu, Q., & colleagues. (2025). Unraveling the impact of blended learning vs. online learning on competency and workplace transfer. Journal of Educational Technology & Society.

Downloads

Published

2026-05-14

How to Cite

Jeremias, I. (2026). Empirically Grounded Strategic Framework for Institutionalizing Organizational Development in the Selected Local Government Units of Camarines Sur. International Journal of Education, Research, and Innovation Perspectives, 2(5), 658-691. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20183144

Similar Articles

1-10 of 257

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.