Value Chain Analysis of Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) in South Cotabato, Philippines

Abstract

The "Value Chain Analysis of Tilapia in South Cotabato" analyzes production processes to map functional links, assess profitability, and identify systemic bottlenecks to enhance industry competitiveness. Addressing the lack of integrated sectoral data, the study identifies key players, determines product and payment flows, and evaluates the policy environment. Using a descriptive research design, the researcher conducted surveys and Key Informant Interviews (KII) with 110 value chain actors across ten municipalities and one city. The value chain map identifies input suppliers, growers, processors, and traders as primary operators. Results indicate that while the industry is highly profitable yielding a 328% Return on Investment (ROI) through Sex-Reversed Tilapia (SRT) technology, it is burdened by exorbitant feed costs (60% to 80% of expenses) and structural gaps, including a 95.44% proliferation of unregistered hatcheries. Product flow is primarily directed toward local and regional markets, as export operations have not yet commenced. The industry faces significant biological risks, specifically kamahong (mass fish kills), while market power remains concentrated among intermediaries.  Finally, a decentralized government shares fisheries management between national (DA-BFAR) and municipal levels. These findings conclude that the industry remains vulnerable to environmental hazards and high input dependency despite its profitability. The study suggests that key players must initiate interventions such as R&D for cost-effective feeds, investments in cold chain logistics, and strengthened technical training and registration protocols to resolve industry challenges.