Fermented Water Kerif on the General Performance of Meat-type Chicken Strains
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20809498Keywords:
fermented water kefir (FWK), meat-type chicken strains, growth performance, probiotics, water conversion ratio (WCR), randomized complete block design (RCBD)Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the growth and dressing performance of meat-type chicken strains supplemented with different concentrations of fermented water kefir (FWK) using a two-factor experimental design with ten treatment combinations. Factor A consisted of the meat-type chicken strains (Cobb and Ross), while Factor B comprised the supplementation treatments: no supplementation (control), 15 mL FWK, 30 mL FWK, 45 mL FWK, and a commercial probiotic. A total of 150 experimental birds were used, consisting of 75 Cobb and 75 Ross chickens, arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results revealed that the control group supplemented with commercial probiotics exhibited a significantly higher water conversion ratio (WCR = 4.58), indicating poorer efficiency in converting water intake into body weight gain. In contrast, the FWK-supplemented groups showed comparable performance to the un supplemented control group. No significant differences were observed in the dressing performance among the FWK treatments and the control groups. Furthermore, supplementation with 15 mL FWK in the Ross strain yielded the highest net profit and return on investment (ROI), whereas the higher FWK concentrations and the commercial probiotic treatment incurred additional production costs, which reduced overall profitability.
Downloads
References
Ahmed, S. Kh., Abdul-Abass, M. H., & Al-Hammed, S. A. (2015). Testing of the efficacy of dietary natural and synthetic antioxidants on broiler performance: A comparative study.
Beski, S. S. M., Swick, R. A., & Iji, P. A. (2015). Specialized protein products in broiler chicken nutrition: A review.
Cho, J. H., Zhang, Z. F., & Kim, I. H. (2013). Effects of single or combined dietary supplementation of β-glucan and kefir on growth performance, blood characteristics and meat quality in broilers.
Cetingul, I. S., Rahman, A., Uyarlar, C., Akkaya, A. B., Gultepe, E. E., Ulucan, A., & Bayram, I. (2019). Effects of dietary supplementation of kefir on body measurements, weight of visceral organs, and gut morphology in geese.
Deka Uli Fahrodi, Marsudi, Said, N. S., & Khaliq, T. D. (2025). Effect the use of coconut water kefir supplementation on performance, carcass, and gastrointestinal tract of broiler chicken.
El-Hack, M. E. A., El-Saadony, M. T., Salem, H. M., El-Tahan, A. M., Soliman, M. M., Youssef, G. B. A., Taha, A. E., Soliman, S. M., Ahmed, A. E., El-Kott, A. F., Al Syaad, K. M., & Swelum, A. A. (2022). Alternatives to antibiotics for organic poultry production: Types, modes of action and impacts on bird's health and production.
El-Hack, M. E. A., El-Saadony, M. T., Shafi, M. E., Qattan, S. Y. A., Batiha, G. E., Khafaga, A. F., Abdel-Moneim, A. E., & Alagawany, M. (2020). Probiotics in poultry feed: A comprehensive review.
Fahrodi, D. U., Marsudi, M., Said, N. S., & Khaliq, T. D. (2025). Effect the use of coconut water kefir supplementation on performance, carcass, and gastrointestinal tract of broiler chicken. Jurnal Agripet, 25(1), 29–35.
Gangnat, I. D. M., & Kreuzer, M. (2021). Water kefir for weaned piglets: A pilot study on its farm-scale production, its palatability and its effects on growth performance.
Halder, N., Sunder, J., De, A. K., Bhattacharya, D., & Joardar, S. N. (2024). Probiotics in poultry: A comprehensive review. Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 85, 23.
Jha, R., Das, R., Oak, S., & Mishra, P. (2020). Probiotics (direct-fed microbials) in poultry nutrition and their effects on nutrient utilization, growth and laying performance, and gut health: A systematic review. Animals, 10(10), 1863. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101863
Kabir, S. M. L. (2009). The role of probiotics in the poultry industry.
Kandir, E. H., & Yardimci, M. (2015). Effects of kefir on growth performance and carcass characteristics in Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica).
Khalid, A., Khalid, F., Mahreen, N., Hussain, S. M., et al. (2022). Effect of spore-forming probiotics on poultry production: A review. Food Science of Animal Resources, 42(6), 968–980. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2022.e41
Laureys, D., Aerts, M., Vandamme, P., & De Vuyst, L. (2018). Oxygen and diverse nutrients influence the water kefir fermentation process.
Leite, A. M. O., Miguel, M. A. L., Peixoto, R. S., Rosado, A. S., Silva, J. T., & Paschoalin, V. M. F. (2013). Microbiological, technological and therapeutic properties of kefir: A natural probiotic beverage.
Lynch, K. M., Wilkinson, S., Daenen, L., & Arendt, E. K. (2021). An update on water kefir: Microbiology, composition and production.
Lynch, M., Wilkinson, S., Daenen, L., & Arendt, E. K. (2022). An update on water kefir: Microbiology, composition and production: The Philippine poultry broiler industry roadmap.
Manjunatha, V., Nixon, J. E., Mathis, G. F., Lumpkins, B. S., Güzel-Seydim, Z. B., Seydim, A. C., Greene, A. K., & Jiang, X. (2024). Combined effect of Nigella sativa and kefir on the live performance and health of broiler chickens affected by necrotic enteritis. Animals, 14(14), 2074.
Meme Sam, I., Okon, L. S., & Samu. (2022). Comparative evaluation of growth performance, morphometric and carcass traits of three strains of broiler chicken raised in the tropics.
Ohimain, E. I., & Ofongo, R. T. S. (2012). The effect of probiotic and prebiotic feed supplementation on chicken health and gut microflora: A review.
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2023). Chicken situation report, July–September 2023. https://psa.gov.ph
Reddy, B., Shakila, S., & Amaravati, P. (2017). Comparative meat quality attributes of improved chicken varieties with broilers.
Rudra, P. G., Hasan, T., Rony, A. H., Adrian, G., Debnath, A., Islam, F., & Paul, P. (2018). Economic profitability of broiler farm comparing the two commercial broiler strain.
Salahi, A., & Abd El-Ghany, W. A. (2024). Beyond probiotics, uses of their next-generation for poultry and humans: A review. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 108(5), 1336–1347.
Singer, R. S., & Hofacre, C. L. (2006). Potential impacts of antibiotic use in poultry production.
Toghyani, M., Mosavi, S. K., Modaresi, M., & Landy, N. (2015). Evaluation of kefir as a potential probiotic on growth performance, serum biochemistry and immune responses in broiler chicks.
USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. (2024). Philippines: Poultry and products annual. Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture.
Van Boeckel, T. P., Pires, J., Silvester, R., Zhao, C., Song, J., Criscuolo, N. G., Gilbert, M., Bonhoeffer, S., & Laxminarayan, R. (2019). Global trends in antimicrobial resistance in animals in low- and middle-income countries.
Yaqoob, M. U., Wang, G., & Wang, M. (2022). An updated review on probiotics as an alternative of antibiotics in poultry. Animal Bioscience, 35(8), 1109–1120.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
