Linguistic Pattern Analysis and Labeling Compliance of Commercial Product

Abstract

This study examined the linguistic patterns and labeling compliance of eight commercial products produced by a local establishment in Kabankalan City. It employed a quantitative research design and content analysis to identify grammatical errors and assess compliance with the mandatory labeling requirements of the Philippine Food and Drug Administration. Data were gathered through photographs of the product labels and evaluated using a researcher-developed checklist based on basic grammar terminology, Surface Structure Taxonomy, and FDA labeling standards. Frequency distribution and mean percentage were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed three grammatical errors involving subject–verb agreement, linking verb usage, and the proper ordering of adjectives and adverbs. These errors were classified under misinformation and misordering. Regarding regulatory compliance, only two products met more than 80% of the mandatory labeling requirements, while the overall compliance rate was 34.09%, indicating generally low adherence to FDA standards. Although all products displayed their product names, several labels lacked essential information such as ingredients, manufacturer details, storage conditions, expiration dates, allergen warnings, instructions for use, and nutritional information. The study concludes that commercial product labels require substantial improvement in grammatical accuracy, completeness, and regulatory compliance. A standardized labeling process with grammar checking, compliance review, and quality assurance is therefore recommended to improve label clarity, consumer protection, and product credibility.