Smart Control System for Ceiling Fan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21810513Keywords:
ceiling fan automation, human presence detection, smart control system, energy efficiency, remote monitoring, electrical safetyAbstract
This study designed, constructed, tested, and evaluated a Smart Control System for Ceiling Fan intended to automate fan operation through human-presence detection, remote monitoring, and safety mechanisms. A descriptive quantitative project-development design was used. The prototype integrated a Seed Studio XIAO ESP32S3 Sense Kit, a passive infrared sensor, a relay module, a 5-V power supply, enclosed circuitry, a cooling mechanism, and mobile-based monitoring and control. Technical performance was examined through repeated human- and animal-activity trials across four detection zones, while acceptability was evaluated by 30 randomly selected teachers from B.A. Calamba National High School using an expert-validated questionnaire covering convenience, effectiveness, and safety. Frequency counts, percentage distributions, and mode were used to analyze the data. Human entry was detected with 100% accuracy in all zones; exit detection was 100% in Zones 1 and 2 and 90% in Zones 3 and 4, while animal activity produced no activation. The system obtained an overall modal rating of 5, interpreted as Very Acceptable, for convenience, effectiveness, and safety. Users particularly valued its automatic response, ease of setup, enclosed components, overheating protection, and reduced need for manual operation, although compatibility, automatic shutoff consistency, and overload protection remained areas for improvement. The study concluded that the developed system is a practical classroom automation solution that supports energy conservation, user comfort, and safer fan operation. Its design may also serve as a hands-on instructional resource and a basis for future Internet of Things and renewable-energy integration.
Downloads
References
Ali, M., & Ahmad, S. (2023). Cost estimation and budgeting practices in engineering prototype development projects. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 12(5), 1021–1027.
Alsafery, W., Rana, O., & Perera, C. (2023). Smart building automation systems: Integrating IoT, AI, and multi-sensor technologies for energy efficiency and sustainability. Journal of Building Engineering, 72, 106703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106703
Ares, E., & Lauro, P. (2025). Overheating ceiling fan blamed for Talisay City fire. Cebu Daily News.
Aziz, M., Kadir, K., Azman, H. K., & Vijayakumar, K. (2023). Optimization of air handler controllers for comfort level in smart buildings using nature-inspired algorithm. Energies, 16(24), 8064. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16248064
Chuah, F. K., & Teoh, S. S. (2020). Thermal sensor based human presence detection for smart home application. In 2020 10th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (pp. 37–41). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSCE50387.2020.9204956
Ciputra, D., & Muchlas. (2023). Automatic fan control systems using sensor-based technologies for energy-saving applications. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 13(4), 4021–4030. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i4.pp4021-4030
Devi, Y. S., Chaitanya, A., Kumar, K. S., Chandra, P. B., & Gopal, K. V. (2024). Smart fan with sensor-based activation and environment control system. In 2024 5th International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (pp. 265–272). IEEE.
Elkhoukhi, H., Nait-Sidi-Moh, A., & Bakhouya, M. (2025). Intelligent energy management in smart buildings using occupancy-based IoT systems. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 62, 103640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2025.103640
Fernando, J., Setyaningsih, E., & Fatimah, T. (2025). Automated room lighting and fan system for energy efficiency in smart homes. TESLA: Jurnal Teknik Elektro.
Ghadage, S., Dhekale, P., Randive, A., & Narsale, D. (2021). IoT-based energy efficient smart ceiling fan for home automation. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 12(6), 412–419. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120648
Khan, M. A., Rehman, U. U., Alharbi, A., & Khan, M. S. (2024). Smart ceiling fan control system using occupancy sensors for energy efficiency and user comfort. Energy Reports, 10, 2154–2165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.01.145
Kommey, B., Dunyo, J. K., Akowuah, B. Y., & Tamakloe, E. (2022). Automatic ceiling fan control using temperature and room occupancy. Journal of Information Technology and Computer Engineering.
Liu, J., Teng, G., & Hong, F. (2020). Human activity sensing with wireless signals: A survey. Sensors, 20(4), 1210. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041210
Morris, J. T. (2024). Electrical safety enhancements in household smart appliances: Preventive measures for overheating and overload protection. Safety Science, 172, 106421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106421
Prasad, R., Kumar, V., & Sharma, P. (2023). User acceptability and performance of automated ventilation systems in educational facilities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 388, 135975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.135975
Raftery, P., Miller, D., Zhang, H., Peffer, T., Brager, G., Graham, L. T., & Greene, M. (2020). Integrating smart ceiling fans and communicating thermostats to provide energy-efficient comfort. Energy and Buildings.
Shokrollahi, S., Mahmoudi, S., & Lee, D. (2024). Design considerations for safe and reliable smart appliance enclosures in IoT-enabled systems. IEEE Access, 12, 45216–45229. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3378125
Taylor, R., Fielding, K., & O’Boyle, M. (2024). Electrical fire prevention in smart residential systems: The role of circuit protection and thermal management. Fire Safety Journal, 146, 104152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104152
Torres-Hernandez, C. M., Garduño-Aparicio, M., & Rodriguez-Resendiz, J. (2025). Smart homes: A meta-study on sense of security and home automation. Technologies, 13(8), 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13080320
Wilhelm, S., Jakob, D., & Ahrens, D. (2020). Human presence detection by monitoring indoor CO₂ concentration. In Mensch und Computer 2020 (pp. 199–203).
Zhang, Y., Xiao, S., & Zhou, G. (2022). User acceptance of smart home technology: A systematic review.
Zhang, Y., et al. (2023). Machine learning-driven smart fire safety design of building systems. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2023.05.012
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
