Guidelines on the Use of Educational Artificial Intelligence Tools for High School Learners
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18884383Keywords:
artificial intelligence, AI tools, academic integrity, high school students, ChatGPT, Grammarly, QuillBot, student engagement, formative assessment, research practices, ethical guidelines, education technologyAbstract
This study examined the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in education and their implications for academic integrity among high school students at St. Agnes Academy. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected from 451 students across Grades 7 to 12 through online surveys, while qualitative insights were gathered from focus group discussions with 12 students, 12 teacher-advisers, and 12 school administrators. Statistical analysis and thematic coding revealed that AI writing and content generation tools were the most frequently used, with ChatGPT, Grammarly, and QuillBot cited as the top platforms. Students reported employing these tools to enhance grammar and clarity, generate ideas, create visual presentations, and improve research efficiency. Thematic analysis highlighted nuanced concerns about academic integrity, including challenges in detecting AI-generated content, blurred boundaries between support and substitution, and evolving notions of originality. In formative assessments, participants emphasized the importance of controlled testing environments, technical safeguards, and assessment-specific strategies. For research activities, themes underscored the need for source verification, positioning AI as a supplementary tool, and its influence on time management. Findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive, context-sensitive guidelines that balance innovation with traditional academic values. The study advocates for a multi-faceted approach combining technological verification tools, ethical awareness-building, redesigned assessments emphasizing human insight, and regular policy review. Ultimately, institutions are encouraged to educate students on responsible AI use, establish transparent policies, and foster practices that safeguard academic integrity while embracing technological advancement.
Downloads
References
Abdelaal, E., Mills, J., Sithara, W., & Gamage. (n.d.). Artificial intelligence is a tool for cheating academic integrityResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337894173_Artificial_Intelligence_Is_a_Tool_for_Cheating_Academic_Integrity (researchgate.net in Bing)
Adobe. (2024). Adobe Firefly overview. Adobe.com. . https://helpx.adobe.com/firefly/get-set-up/learn-the-basics/adobe-firefly-overview.html (helpx.adobe.com in Bing)
Agbong-Coates, I. J. (2024). ChatGPT integration significantly boosts personalized learning outcomes: A Philippine study. International Journal of Educational Management and Development Studies, 5(2), 165–186. https://doi.org/10.53378/353067
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T (doi.org in Bing)
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000 (doi.org in Bing)
Anyebe, A. A. (2018). An overview of approaches to the study of public policy. International Journal of Political Science, 4(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9452.0401002 (doi.org in Bing)
Asare, M. (2015). Using the theory of planned behavior to determine condom use behavior among college students. American Journal of Health Studies, 30(1), 43–50. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4621079/ (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov in Bing)
Asirit, L. B. L., & Hua, J. H. (2023). Converging perspectives: Assessing AI readiness and utilization in Philippine higher education. Polaris Global Journal of Scholarly Research and Trends, 2(3), 1–50. https://doi.org/10.58429/pgjsrt.v2n3a152 (doi.org in Bing)
Cambridge Dictionary. (2023). Basis. In Cambridge English Dictionary. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/basis (dictionary.cambridge.org in Bing)
Cambridge Dictionary. (2024). Policy. In Cambridge English Dictionary. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/policy (dictionary.cambridge.org in Bing)
Cardona, M., Rodríguez, R., & Ishmael, K. (2023). Artificial intelligence and the future of teaching and learning: Insights and recommendations. U.S. Department of Education. https://www.ed.gov/sites/ed/files/documents/ai-report/ai-report.pdf (ed.gov in Bing)
Caulfield, J. (2023). How to do thematic analysis: Step-by-step guide & examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/thematic-analysis/ (scribbr.com in Bing)
Chami, G. (2023). Artificial intelligence and academic integrity: Striking a balance. Times Higher Education – THE Campus. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/campus/artificial-intelligence-and-academic-integrity-striking-balance (timeshighereducation.com in Bing)
Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: A review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264–75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510 (doi.org in Bing)
ClearML. (2024). Customer case study – Photomath. ClearML. https://clear.ml/blog/case-study/photomath-case-study (clear.ml in Bing)
Cole, V., & Boutet, M. (2023). ResearchRabbit (product review). Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association, 44(2), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.29173/jchla29699
Coleman, K. (2025). Copy.ai: The only AI platform purpose-built for outcomes. Copy.ai. . https://www.copy.ai/guides/how-to-enhance-research-output-with-ai (copy.ai in Bing)
Concepcion, R. S., Bedruz, R. A. R., Culaba, A. B., Dadios, E. P., & Pascua, A. R. A. R. (2019). The technology adoption and governance of artificial intelligence in the Philippines. IEEE Xplore. https://doi.org/10.1109/HNICEM48295.2019.9072725 (doi.org in Bing)
Coursera. (2024). What is artificial intelligence? Definition, uses, and types. Coursera. https://www.coursera.org/articles/what-is-artificial-intelligence (coursera.org in Bing)
Currie, G. M. (2023). Academic integrity and artificial intelligence: Is ChatGPT hype, hero, or heresy? Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, 53(5), 719–730. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.04.008 (doi.org in Bing)
Damyanov, M. (2023). Mixed methods research guide with examples. Dovetail.com. . https://dovetail.com/research/mixed-methods-research/ (dovetail.com in Bing)
David, E. (2023). Quizlet’s AI study tools think I’m a bad student. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2023/8/9/23826191/quizlet-generative-ai-chatgpt-education (theverge.com in Bing)
Earle, M. (2024). Duolingo introduces AI-powered innovations at Duocon 2024. Duolingo, Inc. https://investors.duolingo.com/news-releases/news-release-details/duolingo-introduces-ai-powered-innovations-duocon-2024 (investors.duolingo.com in Bing)
Edwards, L. (2021). What is Canva and how does it work for education? TechLearning Magazine. https://www.techlearning.com/how-to/what-is-canva-and-how-does-it-work-for-education (techlearning.com in Bing)
Elgersma, C. (2024). ChatGPT and beyond: How to handle AI in schools. Common Sense Education. https://www.commonsense.org/education/articles/chatgpt-and-beyond-how-to-handle-ai-in-schools (commonsense.org in Bing)
Espinoza, O., & González, L. (2017). Access of disadvantaged students to higher education in Chile. In Bridges, pathways and transitions (pp. 103–126). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-101921-4.00007-5 (doi.org in Bing)
Estrellado, C. J., & Miranda, J. C. (2023, March 9). Artificial intelligence in the Philippine educational context: Circumspection and future inquiries. Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4442136 (papers.ssrn.com in Bing)
Estrellado, J. C., & Miranda, J. (2023). Artificial intelligence in the Philippine educational context: Circumspection and future inquiries. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 13(5), 16. https://doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.13.04.2023.p13704 (doi.org in Bing)
Fitria, T. N. (2021). Artificial intelligence (AI) in education: Using AI tools for teaching and learning process. In Proceedings of Seminar Nasional & Call for Paper STIE AAS (pp. 134–147).
Forbes. (2023). Applications of artificial intelligence across various industries. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/qai/2023/01/06/applications-of-artificial-intelligence (forbes.com in Bing)
Fortune Business Insights. (2023). Artificial intelligence market size & share: AI industry analysis, 2026. Fortune Business Insights. https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/industry-reports/artificial-intelligence-market-100114 (fortunebusinessinsights.com in Bing)
Gocen, A., & Aydemir, F. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education and schools. Research on Education and Media, 12(1), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.2478/rem-2020-0003 (doi.org in Bing)
Guinness, H. (2024). What is Perplexity AI? How to use it + how it works. Zapier.com. https://zapier.com/blog/perplexity-ai/ (zapier.com in Bing)
Halton, C. (2023). Diffusion of innovations theory definition. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diffusion-of-innovations-theory.asp (investopedia.com in Bing)
Hamilton, I. (2023). Artificial intelligence in the classroom: What do educators think? Forbes Advisor. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/education/it-and-tech/artificial-intelligence-in-school (forbes.com in Bing)
Hetler, A. (2023). What is ChatGPT? Everything you need to know. TechTarget. https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/ChatGPT (techtarget.com in Bing)
Hu, K. (2023). ChatGPT sets record for fastest-growing user base. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/technology/chatgpt-sets-record-fastest-growing-user-base-analyst-note-2023-02-01
Jimenez, L., & Boser, U. (2021). Future of testing in education: Artificial intelligence. Center for American Progress. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/future-testing-education-artificial-intelligence/
Jonas, C. (2024). Types of AI tools in the education sector. Livepositively.com. https://livepositively.com/
Jungco, K. (2024). Runway AI review: The ultimate video editing solution? EWEEK. https://www.eweek.com/artificial-intelligence/runway-ai-review/
Kane, R. (2024). Synthesia AI: A deep dive into using Synthesia to generate AI videos. Zapier.com. https://zapier.com/blog/synthesia-ai-video/
Kehr, P. (2025). What is Bard (Google AI)? Definition + examples (Updated in 2023). Instagantt.com. https://www.instagantt.com/project-management/what-is-bard-google-ai
Kung, J. Y. (2023). Elicit (product review). Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association, 44(1), 57–59. https://doi.org/10.29173/jchla29657
Kwid, G., Sarty, N., & Yang, D. (2024). A review of AI tools: Definitions, functions, and applications for K–12 education. AI, Computer Science and Robotics Technology, 3. https://doi.org/10.5772/acrt.20240048 (doi.org in Bing)
LaMorte, W. (2022). The theory of planned behavior. Boston University School of Public Health. https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/SB/BehavioralChangeTheories/BehavioralChangeTheories3.html
Laskowski, N., Tucci, L., & Craig, L. (2022). What is artificial intelligence (AI)? TechTarget. https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/AI-Artificial-Intelligence
Lau, J. (2024). How to use Notion AI. Zapier.com. https://zapier.com/blog/how-to-use-notion-ai/
Marikyan, D., & Papagiannidis, S. (2023). Technology acceptance model: A review. Open.ncl.ac.uk. https://open.ncl.ac.uk/theories/1/technology-acceptance-model
Market Research Future. (2024). Artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) market is projected to reach USD 204.3 billion by 2032, with a CAGR of 21.41% from 2024–2032. OpenPR.com. https://www.openpr.com/news/3729338/artificial-intelligence-of-things-aiot-market-is-projected
McAdoo, T. (2023). How to cite ChatGPT. APA Style Blog. https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/how-to-cite-chatgpt
Mehta, R. (2024). Top 40 generative AI tools for education. Eklavvya.com. https://www.eklavvya.com/blog/generative-ai-tools-education/
Mijwil, M. M., Hiran, K. K., Doshi, R., Dadhich, M., Al-Mistarehi, A.-H., & Bala, I. (2023). ChatGPT and the future of academic integrity in the artificial intelligence era: A new frontier. Al-Salam Journal for Engineering and Technology, 2(2), 116–127. https://doi.org/10.55145/ajest.2023.02.02.015 (doi.org in Bing)
Milberg, T. (2024). The future of learning: AI is revolutionizing education 4.0. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/04/future-learning-ai-revolutionizing-education-4-0/
Milloria, B. R. B., Marzon, A. M. D., & Derasin, L. M. C. (2024). Investigating AI-integrated instruction in improving academic performance of senior high school students in the Philippines. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 45(6). Ouyang, F., & Jiao, P. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education: The three paradigms. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2(1), 100020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100020 (doi.org in Bing)
Oxford Dictionary. (2024). Oxford Languages. Oxford University Press. https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en/ (languages.oup.com in Bing)
Pawlan, D. (2024). What is Writesonic AI used for? 2024 review. Tiny Lever Marketing. https://www.tinylevermarketing.com/blog/what-is-writesonic-ai-used-for-review (tinylevermarketing.com in Bing)
Pedro, F., Subosa, M., Rivas, A., & Valverde, P. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Challenges and opportunities for sustainable development. Ministerio de Educación. https://repositorio.minedu.gob.pe/handle/20.500.12799/6533 (repositorio.minedu.gob.pe in Bing)
Percentage formula: How to calculate, formulas, tricks, solved examples. (2022). GeeksforGeeks. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/percentage
Poth, R. D. (2023). 7 AI tools that help teachers work more efficiently. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/article/7-ai-tools-that-help-teachers-work-more-efficiently (edutopia.org in Bing)
Prestoza, M. J. R., & Banatao, J. C. M. (2024). Exploring the efficacy of AI passion-driven pedagogy in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes: A case study in the Philippines. Asian Journal of Assessment in Teaching and Learning, 14(1), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.37134/ajatel.vol14.1.5.2024 (doi.org in Bing)
Purpose definition and meaning. (2019). Collins English Dictionary. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/purpose (collinsdictionary.com in Bing)
Research Guides: AI: Artificial intelligence resources: Scite. (2025). University of North Dakota Library. https://libguides.und.edu/ai-resources/scite (libguides.und.edu in Bing)
Schultz, C. (2023). An honest review of Pictory — The AI-powered video editing tool. Medium. https://medium.com/@crystalclearcopyagency/an-honest-review-of-pictory-the-ai-powered-video-editing-tool-9248dad32892 (medium.com in Bing)
Singh, J. (2023). What is QuillBot, and how to use it? Cointelegraph. https://cointelegraph.com/news/what-is-quillbot (cointelegraph.com in Bing)
Stryker, C., & Kavlakoglu, E. (2024). What is artificial intelligence (AI)? IBM. https://www.ibm.com/topics/artificial-intelligence (ibm.com in Bing)
Tutor-Me-AI – Poe. (2025). Poe.com. https://poe.com/Tutor-Me-AI (poe.com in Bing)
Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency. (2022). What is academic integrity? TEQSA. https://www.teqsa.gov.au/students/understanding-academic-integrity/what-academic-integrity (teqsa.gov.au in Bing)
UNESCO. (2024). Use of AI in education: Deciding on the future we want. UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/use-ai-education-deciding-future-we-want (unesco.org in Bing)
United Nations. (2025). The 17 sustainable development goals. United Nations. https://sdgs.un.org/goals
University Library of Mexico (ULM). (n.d.). Research guides: Artificial intelligence (AI) in education: AI and academic integrity. Libguides.unm.edu. https://libguides.unm.edu/AIinEducation/integrity (libguides.unm.edu in Bing)
Unstructured interview. (n.d.). Delve. https://delvetool.com/blog/unstructured#:~:text=Unstructured%20Interview%20Definition (delvetool.com in Bing)
Xie, H., Chen, X., Zou, D., & Hwang, G.-J. (2020). Application and theory gaps during the rise of artificial intelligence in education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 1(1), 100002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100002 (doi.org in Bing)
Zhao, F., Khan, A., & Ahmed, I. (2024). Ethical considerations and future prospects of AI integration in education: Insights from the Philippines. Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Learning Technology, 24(1).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
