From Peel to Product: A Review of Banana Peel Waste Valorization as Organic Fertilizer for Sustainable Crop Production and Soil Health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23479440Keywords:
banana peel, organic fertilizer, biofertilizer, compost, liquid organic fertilizer, potassium, soil health, waste valorizationAbstract
Banana peels account for 30 to 40 percent of the fresh weight of the banana fruit and are generated in quantities large enough to constitute a serious solid waste management problem in producing regions. At the same time, the peels are rich in potassium and other mineral and organic constituents that make them a promising raw material for organic fertilizer. This review synthesizes the peer-reviewed literature on the use of banana peel as an organic fertilizer, covering the composition of the peel, the principal preparation methods (composting, dried and powdered peel, liquid organic fertilizer, biochar, nano-fertilizer, and blended formulations), the documented effects on soil physical and chemical properties, and the reported responses of horticultural and field crops. Across the studies reviewed, banana peel-based fertilizers generally improved soil organic carbon, porosity, and nutrient availability, and supported plant growth and yield at levels comparable to inorganic fertilizer in several trials, although nutrient concentration in the finished product varies widely and some treatments produced no significant advantage over mineral fertilizer. The review concludes that banana peel fertilizer is a viable component of sustainable nutrient management, and identifies standardization of production protocols, field scale validation beyond the seedling stage, and economic evaluation as priority areas for future research.
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