Comparative Analysis of Metabolic Profiles and Body Composition Between Endomorphic and Ectomorphic Individuals

Abstract

Body composition and metabolic profiles are key determinants of health, disease risk, and physical performance. Somatotyping classifies individuals into endomorphic, mesomorphic, and ectomorphic categories, reflecting differences in physique and physiological tendencies. While endomorphs are characterized by higher fat mass and a tendency to gain weight, ectomorphs typically exhibit a leaner build and difficulty in gaining mass. Understanding how these body types differ in metabolic function is essential for developing personalized health strategies. This study aimed to compare and analyze the differences in body composition and metabolic profiles between endomorphic and ectomorphic individuals. Specifically, it sought to evaluate variations in fat distribution, lean mass, resting metabolic rate, blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory markers, while controlling for confounding factors such as age, sex, and physical activity. A comparative descriptive quantitative research design was employed. The study was conducted in Tupi, South Cotabato, using purposive sampling to select 50 participants (25 endomorphs and 25 ectomorphs) aged 18–45 years. Data collection included anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, and biochemical assessments such as fasting blood glucose and basal metabolic rate. Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant differences between the groups. Findings revealed that endomorphic individuals had significantly higher body weight, waist circumference, and fasting blood sugar levels compared to ectomorphs across all age groups. Waistline measurements increased progressively with age among endomorphs, indicating greater visceral fat accumulation, while ectomorphs maintained stable measurements. A positive correlation was observed between weight and blood sugar, particularly in the endomorphic group, suggesting reduced insulin sensitivity and higher metabolic risk. The study concludes that somatotype significantly influences body composition and metabolic health. Endomorphic individuals are predisposed to higher fat mass, central obesity, and elevated glucose levels, whereas ectomorphs generally exhibit leaner profiles and better metabolic regulation. These differences highlight the importance of tailoring dietary, exercise, and clinical interventions to specific body types to optimize health outcomes and prevent metabolic diseases.