Exploring The Lived Experiences of Secondary Support Systems in Drug Dependence Recovery

Authors

  • Jessa Mae B. Oliverio Researcher, Professional Schools University of Mindanao, Philippines, Author
  • Jerson John L. Trocio Researcher, Professional Schools University of Mindanao, Philippines, Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21375221

Keywords:

secondary support system, drug rehabilitation, experiences, challenges, insights, phenomenology, Philippines

Abstract

This phenomenological study aimed to determine the experiences, challenges, and significant insights of secondary support systems supporting a patient undergoing a drug dependence rehabilitation program. Using a qualitative phenomenological research design and purposive sampling, the study included five participants who served as extended sources of support for loved ones in recovery. The research was conducted during scheduled visitation hours at a government-operated drug abuse treatment and rehabilitation facility in the Province of Sarangani, Philippines. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis. The findings revealed that secondary support systems experienced emotional shock and distress, increased caregiving responsibilities, financial and lifestyle adjustments, social stigma, and changes in family roles. Participants also faced financial hardship, time constraints that disrupted work and daily responsibilities, and emotional and psychological burden. Furthermore, they recognized the positive changes brought about by rehabilitation, the importance of family support in recovery, a more compassionate understanding of addiction, strengthened faith, and greater personal resilience. These findings highlight the importance of supporting secondary support systems throughout the recovery process.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdelrehim, M. G., Sadek, R. R., Mehany, A. S., & Mohamed, E. S. (2022). A Path Analysis Model Examining Factors Affecting Burden of Care for Drug Addicts among their Family Caregivers in Egypt. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 22(3), e00554-e00554.

Bougie, R., & Sekaran, U. (2020). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (8th ed.). Wiley.

Bradley, C. B. (2025). The relationship of Christian spirituality and sustained recovery from trauma-related substance addiction [Doctoral dissertation, Liberty University]. Scholars Crossing. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/6651

Cai, W., & Wang, Y. (2022). Family support and hope among people with substance use disorder in China: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 9786.

Campoamor-Olegario, L., Camitan, D. S., & Guinto, M. L. M. (2025). Beyond the pandemic: physical activity and health behaviors as predictors of well-being among Filipino tertiary students. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1490437. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1490437

Casiño, R. M. Z., Serrano, L., & Granada, M. I. (2025). Revisiting the Filipino Value Utang na Loob: Contextual Perceptions, Implications and Inputs to Sustaining the Filipino Psychology Discussions. International Journal of Education and Humanities, 5(2), 309–324. https://doi.org/10.58557/(ijeh).v5i2.311

Co, T. A. C., & Canoy, N. A. (2022). The lived experiences of recovering Filipino persons who use drugs (PWUDs) without family support. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 21(4), 1389-1409.

Corey, G. (2020). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (11th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Coutinho Borges, B. E., Dantas, A. C., Machado de Lima, J. P., Bezerra da Silva, C. L., da Conceição Dias Fernandes, M. I., & Fortes Vitor, A. (2025). Analysis of the concept of caregiver role strain in informal caregivers: an approach according to Meleis. Revista Cuidarte, 16(1).

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.

Dangerous Drugs Board. (2015). Nationwide survey on the nature and extent of drug abuse in the Philippines.

Dangerous Drugs Board. (2017). Reported cases by type of admission and sex (facility based) CY 2016. https://www.ddb.gov.ph/research-statistics/statistics/45-research-and-statistics/329-2016-statistics

Dawadi, S. (2020). Thematic analysis approach: A step by step guide for ELT research practitioners. Journal of NELTA, 25(1-2), 62-71.

Dela Cruz, J. M. F., Tomawis, M. C., Filipinas, T. I., Pacong, J. R. T., & Mamauag, M. F. M. (2024). The Impact of Family Dynamics on Suicidal Ideation and Substance Use: Examining Lived Experiences of Persons Who Use Drugs (PWUDs). Social Transformations Journal of the Global South, 12(2), 2.

Dir, A., Batch, B. L., & Aalsma, M. (2025). Intersecting stigma of substance use and child welfare system involvement: Understanding stigma drivers, experiences, and outcomes from a socioecological perspective. Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports, 100386.

Duquesne University. (2023, June 9). Qualitative research methods: Gumberg Library and CIQR. LibGuides. https://guides.library.duq.edu/c.php?g=836228

Earnshaw, V. A. (2020). Stigma and substance use disorders: A clinical, research, and advocacy agenda. American Psychologist, 75(9), 1300.

El Hayek, S., Foad, W., De Filippis, R., Ghosh, A., Koukach, N., Mahgoub Mohammed Khier, A., ... & Shalbafan, M. (2024). Stigma toward substance use disorders: a multinational perspective and call for action. Frontiers in psychiatry, 15, 1295818.

Fana, T. E., & Sotana, L. (2021). Exploring the experiences of family caregivers with people with drug-resistant tuberculosis. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1), 1906494.

Feliciano, A., Feliciano, E., Palompon, D., & Gonzales, F. (2022). Acceptance theory of family caregiving. Belitung Nursing Journal, 8(2), 86.

Glesne, C. (2016). Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction. Pearson. One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458.

Hechanova, M. R. (2020). Family Support as Moderator of the relation between Coping Skills and Substance Use Dependence among Filipinos who use drugs. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 20(1), 9.

Hlahla, L. S., Ngoatle, C., & Mothiba, T. M. (2023). Do the parents of the youth abusing substances need to be supported? A literature review study. CURATIONIS Journal of the Democratic Nursing Organisation of South Africa, 46(1), 2401.

Hogue, A., Becker, S. J., Wenzel, K., Henderson, C. E., Bobek, M., Levy, S., & Fishman, M. (2021). Family involvement in treatment and recovery for substance use disorders among transition-age youth: Research bedrocks and opportunities. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 129, 108402.

Jiang, X., Shi, D., Topps, A. K., & Archer, C. M. (2020). From Family Support to Goal-Directed Behaviors: Examining the Mediating Role of Cognitive Well-Being Factors: X. Jiang et al. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(3), 1015-1035.

Jørgensen, K., Frederiksen, J., Hansen, M., & Dubovcová, M. (2025). Challenges and support for children of parents with mental health and substance use disorders: a scoping review. Journal of Hospital Management and Health Policy, 9, 21.

Kane, E. M., Snethen, J. A., Gwon, S. H., & Oh, H. K. (2023). Affected family members social support experiences when assisting an individual with substance use disorder. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 55(3), 590-598.

Khan, M. S., Zongyou, W., Rahman, A., Khan, A., & Batool, S. (2026). Socio-economic and psychological factors contributing to drug use among females in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A mixed-methods approach. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 32, 2506.

Kitt‐Lewis, E., & Adam, M. T. (2025). Nurses' experiences and perspectives caring for people with substance use disorder and their families: A qualitative descriptive study. International journal of mental health nursing, 34(1), e13435.

Kourgiantakis, T., Ashcroft, R., Mohamud, F., Fearing, G., & Sanders, J. (2021). Family-focused practices in addictions: A scoping review. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 21(1), 18–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/1533256x.2020.1870287

Kusumawaty, I., Yunike, N., Jawiah, N., & Rehana, N. (2021). Family resilience in caring for drug addiction. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35, S491–S494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.079

Makanjuola, O. J., & Ngcobo, W. B. (2025). Caregiver burden and the related factors among family caregivers of older persons with schizophrenia: A mixed methods study. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 20(5), e70047. https://doi.org/10.1111/opn.70047

Manurung, L. (2024). The impact of drug abuse on families and society (Literature review). MSJ Majority Science Journal, 2(2), 239–244. https://doi.org/10.61942/msj.v2i2.168

Manurung, L. (2024). The impact of drug abuse on families and society (literature review). MSJ: Majority Science Journal, 2(2), 239-244.

Mardani, M., Alipour, F., Rafiey, H., Fallahi-Khoshknab, M., & Arshi, M. (2023). Challenges in addiction-affected families: a systematic review of qualitative studies. BMC psychiatry, 23(1), 439.

McCann, T. V., Polacsek, M., & Lubman, D. I. (2019). Experiences of family members supporting a relative with substance use problems: A qualitative study. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 33(4), 902–911. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12688

McGovern, R., Smart, D., Alderson, H., Araújo-Soares, V., Brown, J., Buykx, P., Evans, V., Fleming, K., Hickman, M., Macleod, J., Meier, P., & Kaner, E. (2021). Psychosocial interventions to improve psychological, social and physical wellbeing in family members affected by an adult relative’s substance use: A systematic search and review of the evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), Article 1793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041793

Missouridou, E., Segredou, E., Stefanou, E., Sakellaridi, V., Gremou, M., Kritsiotakis, E., Missouridou, E., Segredou, E., Stefanou, E., Sakellaridi, V., Gremou, M., Kritsiotakis, E., ... & Parissopoulos, S. (2022, October). Family recovery from addiction and trauma: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of mothers’ lived experience. In Worldwide Congress on “Genetics, Geriatrics and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research" (pp. 105-117). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Moser, A., & Korstjens, I. (2017). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 1: Introduction. European Journal of General Practice, 23(1), 271–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2017.1375093

Mountain-Ray, S., Simeone, C., Hadland, S. E., Finnell, D. S., Northup, R., & MacLane Baeder, D. (2019). Challenges and new horizons in substance use and addictions: Overview of the 2019 Conference of the Association for Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Substance Use and Addiction (AMERSA). Substance Abuse, 40(4), 389–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2019.1695039

Munhall, P. L. (2012). A phenomenological method. PL Munhall (Ed.), Nursing research: A qualitative perspective, 113-175.

Naderifar, M., Goli, H., & Ghaljaie, F. (2017). Snowball sampling: A purposeful method of sampling in qualitative research. Strides in development of medical education, 14(3), 1-6.

Naguib, R. M., El-Sheikh, M. M., Alqadi, T. G. E. A. K., & El-Awady, S. A. (2025). Impact of substance use patterns on caregivers’ quality of life, mood and burden: A cross-sectional study in Egypt. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 32(1), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-025-00525-x

National University Library. (2024, May 14). Annotated bibliography. National University. https://resources.nu.edu/c.php?g=1007180&p=7392379

Nguyen, H. N., Li, L., Nguyen, D. B., Pham, T. H., & Nguyen, T. A. (2025). Family caregivers of people who use drugs in Vietnam: Perceived burden and coping. Social Science & Medicine, 118440.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118440

Polit, D., & Beck, C. (2020). Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Radfar, S. R., De Jong, C. A., Farhoudian, A., Ebrahimi, M., Rafei, P., Vahidi, M., ... & Baldacchino, A. M. (2021). Reorganization of substance use treatment and harm reduction services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 639393.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.639393

Rushton, C., Kelly, P. J., Raftery, D., Beck, A., & Larance, B. (2023). The effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for family members impacted by another's substance use: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Drug and Alcohol Review, 42(4), 960-977.https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13607

Schmidt, T., Juday, C., Patel, P., Karmarkar, T., Smith-Howell, E. R., & Fendrick, A. M. (2023). Expanding the catalog of patient and caregiver out-of-pocket costs: a systematic literature review. Population Health Management, 27(1), 70-83. https://doi.org/10.1089/pop.2023.0238

Scott, P. A. (2017). Ethical principles in healthcare research. In Key concepts and issues in nursing ethics (pp. 191-205). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Slocum, S., Carrington, C., & Pollini, R. A. (2025). “Living in a chronic state of panic”: family members’ experiences with opioid use disorder. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 25(2), 199-215.

Stahl, N. A., & King, J. R. (2020). Expanding approaches for research: Understanding and using trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of developmental education, 44(1), 26-28.

Ulfiandi, I. Z., & Wahyuni, E. N. (2024, September). Psychological-Spiritual Approach of Caregivers in Drug Rehabilitation at Sabilul Hikmah Polowijen Islamic Boarding School. In Proceeding of International Conference of Islamic Education (Vol. 2, pp. 251-262).

URC. (2024, May 22). Family support crucial in community-based drug rehabilitation, Philippines. University Research Co. https://www.urc-chs.com/news/family-support-crucial-in-community-based-drug-rehabilitation-philippines/

You, Y., Lu, S., Tsai, C., Chen, M., Lin, C., Chong, M., Chou, W., Chen, Y., & Wang, L. (2020). Predictors of five-year relapse rates of youths with substance abuse who underwent a family-oriented therapy program. Annals of General Psychiatry, 19(1), Article 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00269-4

Zhao, M., Kadir, N. B. A., & Razak, M. A. A. (2024). The relationship between family functioning, emotional intelligence, loneliness, social support, and depressive symptoms among undergraduate students. Behavioral Sciences, 14(9), Article 819.

Downloads

Published

2026-07-15

How to Cite

Oliverio, J. M., & Trocio, J. J. (2026). Exploring The Lived Experiences of Secondary Support Systems in Drug Dependence Recovery. International Journal of Education, Research, and Innovation Perspectives, 2(7), 694-718. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21375221

Similar Articles

61-70 of 516

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.