Gastropod Diversity and Physicochemical Water Analysis in the Selected Rivers of Mount Apo Natural Park
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21683234Keywords:
freshwater gastropods, biodiversity indices, bioindicators, water quality, Mount Apo Natural Park, physicochemical parametersAbstract
This study examined freshwater gastropod diversity and its relationship with physicochemical water conditions in the Digos, Goma, and Balutakay Rivers of Mount Apo Natural Park. A descriptive nonexperimental quantitative design was used. Spatial random sampling was conducted in upstream, midstream, and downstream sections during September and October 2023. Gastropods were collected through 100-m belt transects, randomly positioned 1 × 1 m quadrats, handpicking, and sieving, while temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids were measured in triplicate. Diversity indices were computed using Paleontological Statistics software, and Pearson correlation was used to test associations between gastropod diversity and water properties. Eighteen species comprising 981 individuals were documented. Balutakay River downstream had the highest richness and abundance (S = 10, N = 893), with Shannon H = 1.509, Brillouin = 1.479, electrical conductivity = 683.22 μS/cm, total dissolved solids = 341.89 mg/L, and turbidity = 37.73 NTU. Digos River upstream and Goma River downstream each had only two taxa and two individuals. Taxa, abundance, Brillouin, and Chao-1 were positively correlated with electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids, whereas evenness was negatively correlated with both parameters. Neritina pulligera, Pomacea canaliculata, Faunus sp., Thiara scabra, and Melanoides maculata emerged as potential bioindicators. The findings demonstrate that nutrient and ionic conditions can increase richness and abundance while promoting dominance by tolerant species, supporting the use of gastropods in river monitoring and conservation education.
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