Instructional Leadership Behaviors of the School Principal: A Descriptive-Comparative Study of Teacher and Self-Perceptions at Doña Adela Central Elementary School, Agusan Del Sur Division
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22125663Keywords:
instructional leadership, principal leadership, teacher perception, self-perception, elementary school, descriptive-comparative researchAbstract
This quantitative descriptive-comparative study described and compared the instructional leadership behaviors of the school principal at Doña Adela Central Elementary School, Agusan del Sur Division, as perceived by teachers and through the principal's self-perception during School Year 2025-2026. Twenty-eight teachers and one school principal were included through complete participation within the school. Data were gathered using an adapted survey based on Gurley et al.'s Principal Instructional Leadership Behaviors: Teacher vs. Self-Perceptions instrument. Weighted means and standard deviations described eleven instructional leadership dimensions, while teacher and principal ratings were compared descriptively. Teachers rated all eleven dimensions as Always Portrayed, with an overall mean of 4.70; Provide Incentives for Learning (M = 4.79) and Frame the School Goals (M = 4.76) were highest, whereas Provide Incentives for Teachers (M = 4.61) and Maintain High Visibility (M = 4.62) were comparatively lower. The principal's self-ratings ranged from 4.00 to 5.00, with Frame the School Goals (M = 5.00) and Promote Professional Development (M = 4.80) highest. Teachers rated the principal higher on most dimensions, while the principal rated himself higher on framing school goals and slightly higher on professional development. The findings indicate strong descriptive alignment between external and self-perceptions of instructional leadership, while also identifying areas for reflective feedback and leadership enhancement. Because the source results did not report the planned Mann-Whitney U statistic or p-value, no inferential significance claim was made in this article.
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