Analytical and Numerical Skills of Senior High School Students

Authors

  • Roel E. Lasalita Kananga National High School, Kananga, Leyte Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18185639

Keywords:

Analytical skills, Mathematics proficiency, Mathematics Intervention, Numerical skills; Senior High School students

Abstract

This study investigated the numerical and analytical skills of Senior High School students at Kananga National High School during the 2025–2026 academic year. The primary objective was to assess students' proficiency in numerical skills, including basic number knowledge, calculation, interpretation of mathematical information, and data analysis. Analytical skills were also evaluated, with a focus on problem identification, information gathering, solution development, and testing. The research compared skill levels between Grade 11 and Grade 12 students and recommended a mathematics intervention program informed by the findings. A descriptive research design was employed. From a population of 695 Senior High School students, 248 participants were selected through stratified random sampling to ensure fair representation across grade levels and strands in both Academic and Technical-Vocational-Livelihood tracks. Data collection utilized a researcher-made questionnaire comprising 20 items—10 assessing numerical skills and 10 assessing analytical skills—based on established indicators and the framework of Cababat and Pespeñan (2023). Data analysis involved mean and percentage scores, along with descriptive interpretation. The results indicated that Grade 11 students demonstrated proficiency in both numerical and analytical skills. Grade 12 students demonstrated proficiency in analytical skills, but showed only partial proficiency in numerical skills. Performance differences also appeared across strands. Humanities and Social Sciences students displayed stronger analytical skills. Technical-Vocational-Livelihood students exhibited comparatively lower numerical proficiency. The findings underscore the need to continuously strengthen basic numerical skills and develop targeted mathematics intervention programs, particularly for students in Grade 12 and those pursuing Technical and Vocational Livelihood education. Such initiatives are crucial for enhancing students’ preparedness for higher education and employment.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aunio, P., Mononen, R., & Räsänen, P. (2021). Developing core mathematical competencies: Integrating number sense, conceptual understanding, and problem-solving strategies. Journal of Educational Research, 114(3), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2020.1869109

Atienza, K. A. (2024, November 14). Filipino students show high level of math anxiety — PISA. BusinessWorld Online. https://www.bworldonline.com/top-stories/2024/11/14/634783/filipino-students-show-high-level-of-math-anxiety-pisa/

Cababat, J. R., & Pespeñan, M. T. (2023). Numerical and analytical skills of Grade 11 students in a public secondary school. International Journal of Educational Studies, 5(2), 45–58. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374233589

Cerbito, A. F. (2020). Students’ attitudes toward mathematics and academic performance in senior high school. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 40(4), 512–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1798732

Dela Cruz, R. M., & Rivera, J. P. (2022). Analytical problem-solving performance of academic and TVL senior high school students. Philippine Journal of Education, 101(1), 33–47. https://www.pje.ph/index.php/pje/article/view/178

Department of Education. (2020–2024). Senior high school curriculum guides. https://www.deped.gov.ph/k-to-12/about/k-to-12-basic-education-curriculum/

Ehlers, M. (2025, March 25). Numeracy as applied mathematics. European School Education Platform. https://school-education.ec.europa.eu/en/discover/news/numeracy-applied-mathematics

Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, Republic Act No. 10533 (Philippines). https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10533/

Garnett, K. (1998). Information processing theory and learning. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31(1), 56–64. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/002221949803100106

Guill, K., Lüdtke, O., & Köller, O. (2017). Academic and vocational track differences in mathematical competence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 109(6), 876–895. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000185

Jaudinez, A. S. (2019). Teaching senior high school mathematics: Problems and interventions. Pedagogical Research, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/5779

Leongson, J. A., & Limjap, A. A. (2003). Assessing the mathematics achievement of college freshmen. Philippine Journal of Education, 82(2), 18–26.

Liberato, C. C., & Garcia, E. M. (2000). Problem-solving difficulties in mathematics of senior students. Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University. https://lakasa.dmmmsu.edu.ph/handle/123456789/439

Mamolo, L. A. (2019). Mathematical competencies of students in technical-vocational tracks. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 18(7), 72–89. https://www.ijlter.org/index.php/ijlter/article/view/1512

Montaku, S., Chai, K., & Khamkhong, S. (2012). Analytical thinking and problem identification skills. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 3461–3465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.085

Ng, S. F., & Widjaja, W. (2020). Mathematical problem-solving difficulties in Southeast Asia. ZDM–Mathematics Education, 52(3), 435–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01131-9

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2022). Student performance in mathematical literacy. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). PISA 2022 results (Volume I): Learning outcomes and equity in education. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/pisa-2022-results/

Parsons, S., & Bynner, J. (2021). Numeracy skills and social mobility: A longitudinal study. British Journal of Educational Studies, 69(4), 421–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2020.1826256

Philippine Qualifications Framework Act of 2018, Republic Act No. 10968 (Philippines). https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2018/01/23/republic-act-no-10968/

Rahman, M. (2019). Analytical thinking as a 21st-century skill. International Journal of Educational Research, 98, 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.08.004

Rahman, M. (2021). Analytical thinking and higher-order cognitive processes. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 41, 100835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100835

Robbins, S. P. (2011). Organizational behavior (14th ed.). Pearson Education.

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2022). Organizational behavior (18th ed.). Pearson Education.

Suminguit, J. F., & Despojo, A. G. (2022). Post-pandemic readiness of senior high students in learning earth and life science. Journal of Higher Education Research Disciplines. https://doi.org/10.65023/jherd.v8i2.221

Sun, M., & Wong, H. Y. (2025). Reliability and validity of questionnaire for preschool teachers in music teaching ability: A pilot study. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.60008/ijarped.v14i4.26627

Tambychik, T., & Meerah, T. S. M. (2010). Students’ difficulties in mathematics problem-solving. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 8, 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.020

Tong, F., Wang, X., & Yang, Y. (2020). Mathematical competence and conceptual understanding in secondary education. Educational Psychology, 40(5), 623–642. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2019.1670845

Tsani, S., Paroussos, L., Fragiadakis, C., & Charalambidis, I. (2020). Numerical ability, speed, and accuracy in decision-making. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 33(2), 204–219. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2151

Wortham, S., Moore, J., & Nguyen, T. (2023). Numerical skills as predictors of advanced mathematical performance. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 71, 101048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101048

Downloads

Published

2026-01-08

How to Cite

Lasalita, R. (2026). Analytical and Numerical Skills of Senior High School Students. International Journal of Education, Research, and Innovation Perspectives, 2(1), 341-357. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18185639

Similar Articles

61-70 of 110

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.