Family Participation Pathways for Discipline Formation in Elementary School Life
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22953138Keywords:
behavioral consistency, discipline formation, elementary education, family participation, family-school communication, home behavioral reinforcementAbstract
This study examined how family participation was translated into discipline formation among elementary learners through interconnected home-school pathways. Using a cross-sectional multi-informant pathway modeling design, data were obtained from 210 respondents composed of 70 teachers, 70 parents or guardians, and 70 Grade 4 to Grade 6 learners in Baggao, Cagayan. A validated 32-item Family Participation and Discipline Pathways Scale was used, with an overall Cronbach alpha of .936. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling assessed direct and indirect relationships among school activity participation, family-school communication, home behavioral reinforcement, consistency of behavioral expectations, and discipline formation. Results showed high levels of school activity participation, communication, and home behavioral reinforcement, but only moderate levels of behavioral consistency and discipline formation. School activity participation did not directly predict discipline formation, but it produced significant indirect effects through communication, home reinforcement, and consistency of expectations. Consistency of behavioral expectations emerged as the strongest predictor of discipline formation, while the model explained 58.4% of its variance. Multi-group analysis further showed that teachers and learners attributed greater importance to behavioral consistency than parents did. The findings indicated that family presence in school activities became more meaningful when transformed into coordinated expectations and reinforcing practices across home and school. Strengthening shared behavioral agreements, regular family-school communication, and consistent reinforcement was therefore recommended to support discipline formation in elementary school life.
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