Evaluating the Local Government Dike Project for High-Tide Risk Mitigation in Lawis Inabanga Bohol: Citizen Feedback
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23902762Keywords:
dike project, high-tide mitigation, citizen feedback, community satisfaction, local government, climate change adaptationAbstract
This study evaluated the implementation of the local government dike project in Barangay Lawis, Inabanga, Bohol, the level of community satisfaction with its delivery, and its perceived effectiveness in mitigating the risk of high tide. Anchored on Expectation-Confirmation Theory, the SERVQUAL Model, and Good Governance Theory, the study employed a descriptive survey design involving 100 respondents: 10 local government representatives selected through purposive sampling and 90 community residents selected through simple random sampling. Data were gathered using a validated and pilot-tested structured questionnaire adapted from the SERVQUAL Model and the Citizen Satisfaction Measurement Framework of the Anti-Red Tape Authority, and were analyzed using frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, and standard deviation. The local government representatives strongly agreed that the project was well implemented across planning and preparation (M = 4.58), completion and maintenance (M = 4.48), monitoring and inspection (M = 4.40), and construction and implementation (M = 4.35). Residents were highly satisfied with accessibility and usability (M = 4.54) and project implementation (M = 4.31) but rated quality of construction lower (M = 3.81, Agree). They also strongly agreed that the dike was effective in mitigating the effects of high tide (M = 4.73), although this reflects community perception rather than an engineering assessment. Areas requiring attention included construction supervision, schedule adherence, communication with residents, monitoring and documentation, and maintenance planning. The study concludes that while the project was positively assessed, continued monitoring, maintenance, and improvements in construction quality are necessary to sustain its effectiveness. The findings served as the basis for a proposed six-area action plan, including an independent technical assessment of the dike, to improve the delivery of future local government dike projects.
Downloads
References
Adger, W. N., Arnell, N. W., & Tompkins, E. L. (2005). Successful adaptation to climate change across scales. Global Environmental Change, 15(2), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.12.005
Anti-Red Tape Authority. (2023). Citizen Satisfaction Measurement (CSM) manual.
Awang, M. M., Alfitri, A., Ahmad, A. R., Careemdeen, J. D., & Juhari, A. (2022). Socio-ecological support and physical facilities satisfaction: How they link to social participation and well-being among urban residents in Malaysia. Sustainability, 14(3), Article 1184.
Ayers, J., & Forsyth, T. (2009). Community-based adaptation to climate change: Strengthening resilience through development. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 51(4), 22–31.
Barnes, M. R. (2023). Longevity of rain gardens in Minnesota (US) as a stormwater solution: A question of homeowner motivation and satisfaction. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 5.
Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). Understanding information systems continuance: An expectation-confirmation model. MIS Quarterly, 25(3), 351–370. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250921
Buckland, J., & Rahman, M. (1999). Community-based disaster management during the 1997 Red River flood in Canada. Disasters, 23(2), 174–191.
Capuno, J. J. (2011). The quality of local governance and development under decentralization in the Philippines. Philippine Review of Economics, 48(1), 1–30.
Chan, F. K. S., Yang, L. E., Mitchell, G., Wright, N., Guan, M., Lü, X., Wang, Z., Montz, B. E., & Adekola, O. (2022). Comparison of sustainable flood risk management by four countries – the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, the United States, and Japan – and the implications for Asian coastal megacities. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 22(8), 2567–2588. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2567-2022
Citizens’ judgment on local government performance in delivering agricultural services in three cities of Misamis Occidental, Philippines. (2019). International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education, 6(2).
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Cruz, R. V., Harasawa, H., Lal, M., Wu, S., Anokhin, Y., Punsalmaa, B., Honda, Y., Jafari, M., Li, C., & Huu Ninh, N. (2007). Asia. In M. L. Parry, O. F. Canziani, J. P. Palutikof, P. J. van der Linden, & C. E. Hanson (Eds.), Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 469–506). Cambridge University Press.
Erlich, M., Coulet, C., & Groof, A. D. (2016). Towards improved management of coastal submersion crises – CRISMA-WAVE solution as an example of CRISMA framework application. E3S Web of Conferences, 7, Article 17008.
Few, R., Brown, K., & Tompkins, E. L. (2007). Public participation and climate change adaptation: Avoiding the illusion of inclusion. Climate Policy, 7(1), 46–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2007.9685637
Gaillard, J. C., & Cadag, J. R. D. (2009). From marginality to further marginalization: Experiences from the victims of the July 2000 Payatas trashslide in the Philippines. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 2(3), 197–215.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2022). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Cambridge University Press.
Jodry, C., Lopes, S. P., Fargier, Y., Côte, P., & Sánchez, M. (2016). A cost-effective 3D electrical resistivity imaging approach applied to dike investigation. Near Surface Geophysics, 15(1), 27–41.
Lazóvić-Pita, L., Pijalović, V., Šćeta, L., & Peštek, A. (2021). Citizens’ attitudes towards local services accountability and transparency. Central European Public Administration Review, 19(2), 27–43.
Martínez, M. M., Bakheet, R., & Akib, S. (2020). Innovative techniques in the context of actions for flood risk management: A review. Eng, 2(1), 1–11.
Mercer, J. (2010). Disaster risk reduction or climate change adaptation: Are we reinventing the wheel? Journal of International Development, 22(2), 247–264. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1677
Mériaux, P., & Royet, P. (2007). Surveillance, maintenance and diagnosis of flood protection dikes: A practical handbook for owners and operators. Quae.
Munawar, H. S., Khan, S. I., Anum, N., Qadir, Z., Kouzani, A. Z., & Mahmud, M. A. P. (2021). Post-flood risk management and resilience building practices: A case study. Applied Sciences, 11(11), Article 4823.
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. (2011). National disaster risk reduction and management framework.
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. (2019). Annual report.
Nicholls, R. J., & Cazenave, A. (2010). Sea-level rise and its impact on coastal zones. Science, 328(5985), 1517–1520. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1185782
Nicholls, R. J., Wong, P. P., Burkett, V. R., Woodroffe, C. D., & Hay, J. (2008). Climate change and coastal vulnerability assessment: Scenarios for integrated assessment. Sustainability Science, 3(1), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-008-0050-4
Nouzari, E., Hartmann, T., & Spit, T. (2020). Interactive governance for satisfaction measurements: Stakeholder involvement in design processes for flood risk management. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 13(4), Article e12650. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12650
OECD. (2020). Government at a glance 2020. OECD Publishing.
Office of Civil Defense Region VII. (2019). Regional disaster risk reduction and management reports and climate resilience initiatives.
Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460–469. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378001700405
Oulahen, G., & Ventura, J. (2022). Planning use values or values-based planning? “Rolling with” neoliberal flood risk governance in Vancouver, Canada. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 6(4), 2700–2720.
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12–40.
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. (2018). Observed climate trends and projected climate change in the Philippines.
Porio, E. (2011). Vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience to floods and climate change-related risks among marginal, riverine communities in Metro Manila. Asian Journal of Social Science, 39(4), 425–445.
Reed, M. S. (2008). Stakeholder participation for environmental management: A literature review. Biological Conservation, 141(10), 2417–2431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.014
Republic Act No. 7160. (1991). Local Government Code of 1991.
Republic Act No. 9729. (2009). Climate Change Act of 2009.
Republic Act No. 10121. (2010). Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010.
Tai, Y. (2018). Changing values on water in delta cities. Architecture and the Built Environment.
Tran, D. D., & Weger, J. (2017). Barriers to implementing irrigation and drainage policies in An Giang Province, Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Irrigation and Drainage, 67(S1), 81–95.
United Nations. (2023). World public sector report 2023. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
United Nations Development Programme. (1997). Governance for sustainable human development: A UNDP policy document.
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2022). Global assessment report on disaster risk reduction 2022.
Van Ryzin, G. G. (2004). The measurement of overall citizen satisfaction. Public Performance & Management Review, 27(3), 9–28.
Woodall, D. L., & Lund, J. R. (2009). Dutch flood policy innovations for California. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 141(1), 45–59.
World Bank. (2017). The performance of Palestinian local governments. https://doi.org/10.1596/27518
World Bank. (2023). Building climate resilience in coastal communities.
Yulo-Loyzaga, M. (2015). Community-based disaster risk reduction and management in the Philippines: Experiences and lessons. Asian Disaster Preparedness Center.
Yumul, G. P., Jr., Cruz, N. A., Servando, N. T., & Dimalanta, C. B. (2011). Extreme weather events and related disasters in the Philippines, 2004–08: A sign of what climate change will mean? Disasters, 35(2), 362–382. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01216.x
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.