Alternative Delivery Mode Effectiveness and Perceived Student Outcomes in the Open High School Program: Teachers’ Perspectives from a Quantitative Correlational Study

Authors

  • Ana Perla B. De Guzman Benigno V. Aldana National High School, Pozorrubio, Pangasinan, Philippines Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21274213

Keywords:

Alternative Delivery Mode, Open High School Program, perceived student outcomes, teachers’ perspectives, quantitative correlational study, flexible learning

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between teachers’ perceived effectiveness of Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) and perceived student outcomes in the Open High School Program (OHSP) at Benigno V. Aldana National High School, Pozorrubio, Pangasinan. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design, the study included all 52 Junior High School and Senior High School teachers implementing the OHSP through census sampling. A validated and pilot-tested researcher-made questionnaire measured five ADM domains and four student-outcome domains.Teachers rated ADM positively across all five dimensions. Instructional delivery obtained the highest mean (M = 4.54), followed by learning resources and learner support (both M = 4.49), institutional support (M = 4.44), and assessment (M = 4.35). Student outcomes were rated high, led by completion (M = 4.20), engagement (M = 4.13), academic performance (M = 3.93), and attendance (M = 3.88). All correlations were positive and significant. The strongest association was between assessment and academic performance (r = .821, p < .001), followed by learning resources and completion (r = .724, p < .001), instructional delivery and attendance (r = .673, p < .001), learner support and academic performance (r = .668, p < .001), and institutional support and attendance (r = .665, p < .001). Stronger perceptions of ADM effectiveness were associated with more favorable perceived student outcomes. The findings support improvements in communication, supplementary resources, assessment practices, and sustained teacher training. Results are correlational rather than causal.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Achuthan, K., Kolil, V. K., Muthupalani, S., & Raman, R. (2024). Transactional distance theory in distance learning: Past, current, and future research trends. Contemporary Educational Technology, 16(1), ep493. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/14131

Balbin, C. C., & Sumail, E. M. (2025). Implementation of Open High School Program at DFLOMNHS. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 6(5), 2569–2576. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.06.05.32

Betthäuser, B. A., Bach-Mortensen, A. M., & Engzell, P. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence on learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Human Behaviour, 7(3), 375–385. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01506-4

Capinding, A. T. (2022). Impact of modular distance learning on high school students’ mathematics motivation, interest/attitude, anxiety and achievement during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(2), 917–934. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.2.917

Caskurlu, S., Maeda, Y., Richardson, J. C., & Lv, J. (2020). A meta-analysis addressing the relationship between teaching presence and students’ satisfaction and learning. Computers & Education, 157, Article 103966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103966

Cena, D. L., & Corpuz, G. G. (2024). Implementation of Open High School Program and school performance in the Division of Bukidnon: Basis for program implementation plan. American Journal of Arts and Human Science, 3(2), 161–187. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajahs.v3i2.2861

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education (8th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315456539

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Department of Education. (2006). DepEd Order No. 46, s. 2006: Guidelines on the pilot implementation of the Open High School Program (OHSP). https://www.deped.gov.ph

Department of Education. (2020a). DepEd Order No. 012, s. 2020: Adoption of the Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan for School Year 2020–2021 in the light of the COVID-19 public health emergency. https://www.deped.gov.ph

Department of Education. (2020b). DepEd Order No. 018, s. 2020: Policy guidelines for the provision of learning resources in the implementation of the Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan. https://www.deped.gov.ph

DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale development: Theory and applications (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Engzell, P., Frey, A., & Verhagen, M. D. (2021). Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(17), e2022376118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022376118

Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2019). How to design and evaluate research in education (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2000). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2–3), 87–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(00)00016-6

Garrison, D. R., & Arbaugh, J. B. (2007). Researching the Community of Inquiry framework: Review, issues, and future directions. The Internet and Higher Education, 10(3), 157–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2007.04.001

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Mallari, M. D., & Tayag, J. R. (2022). Situational interest and engagement of public junior high school science students in modular distance learning. International Journal of Instruction, 15(3), 581–598. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15332a

Martin, F., Wu, T., Wan, L., & Xie, K. (2022). A meta-analysis on the Community of Inquiry presences and learning outcomes in online and blended learning environments. Online Learning, 26(1), 325–359. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v26i1.2604

Miao, J., & Ma, L. (2023). Teacher autonomy support influence on online learning engagement: The mediating roles of self-efficacy and self-regulated learning. SAGE Open, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231217737

Mirasol, K., Acosta, N. P., & Nicolas, A. (2023). Flexibility and personalization of learning in the Senior High Open High School Program: Basis for enhanced alternative delivery mode of teaching and learning. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 2(4), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v2i4.1758

Moore, M. G. (1993). Theory of transactional distance. In D. Keegan (Ed.), Theoretical principles of distance education (pp. 22–38). Routledge.

Morrison, L., & Jacobsen, M. (2023). The role of feedback in building teaching presence and student self-regulation in online learning. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 7(1), Article 100503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100503

National Privacy Commission. (2016). Implementing rules and regulations of Republic Act No. 10173 (Data Privacy Act of 2012). https://www.privacy.gov.ph

Rahmani, A. M., Groot, W., & Rahmani, H. (2024). Dropout in online higher education: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(1), Article 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00450-9

Republic of the Philippines. (2012). Republic Act No. 10173: Data Privacy Act of 2012. https://lawphil.net

Republic of the Philippines. (2015). Republic Act No. 10665: An Act establishing the Open High School System in the Philippines and appropriating funds therefor. https://lawphil.net

RTI International. (2022). Remote learning in the Philippines during COVID: Briefs series / Philippines Remote Learning Study resources. https://www.rti.org

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, Article 101860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860

SEAMEO INNOTECH. (2015). Evaluation of the Open High School Program in the Philippines. https://www.seameo-innotech.org

Taguba, M. G. (2023). The implementation of Open High School Program (OHSP) to broadening access to basic education: Enhancers and barriers. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 15(6), 544–549. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10253684

Tanucan, J. C. M., Alejandro, B. A., & Corcino, R. B. (2023). Towards an enhanced implementation of printed modular distance learning in the Philippines: A meta-synthesis. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(3), 341–358. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.3.21

Tria, J. Z. (2024). Transactional distance in a flexible learning environment: Scale development and validation in the Philippine context. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 16(1), 88–109. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2024.16.004

UNESCO. (2023). Global education monitoring report 2023: Technology in education. https://unesdoc.unesco.org

UNESCO. (2025). Guidance on distance learning. https://unesdoc.unesco.org

UNICEF, UNESCO, & World Bank. (2022). The state of global learning poverty: 2022 update. https://www.worldbank.org

Wang, Y., Wang, H., Wang, S., Wind, S. A., & Gill, C. (2024). A systematic review and meta-analysis of self-determination-theory-based interventions in the education context. Learning and Motivation, 87, Article 102015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2024.102015

Weidlich, J., & Bastiaens, T. J. (2018). Technology matters: The impact of transactional distance on satisfaction in online distance learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19(3), 222–242. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v19i3.3417

Downloads

Published

2026-07-09

How to Cite

De Guzman , A. P. (2026). Alternative Delivery Mode Effectiveness and Perceived Student Outcomes in the Open High School Program: Teachers’ Perspectives from a Quantitative Correlational Study. International Journal of Education, Research, and Innovation Perspectives, 2(7), 314-321. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21274213

Similar Articles

1-10 of 614

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.