A Descriptive Survey on the Level of Readiness among Kindergarten Learners of Barobo II District, Surigao del Sur Division: Basis for a School Readiness Enhancement Plan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23435346Keywords:
kindergarten readiness, developmental skills, ECCD, school readiness, early childhood education, readiness enhancement planAbstract
This descriptive-survey study assessed the readiness of kindergarten learners in Barobo II District, Schools Division of Surigao del Sur, as basis for a School Readiness Enhancement Plan. Using an adopted ECCD-based questionnaire, the study examined seven developmental domains: gross motor, fine motor, self-help adaptive, social/emotional, receptive language, expressive language, and cognitive skills. The supplied data comprised 12 learner readiness records assessed through teacher ratings and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Results showed an overall High Readiness level (WM = 4.15, SD = 0.47). Gross motor skills (WM = 4.33) and cognitive skills (WM = 4.22) attained Very High Readiness, while fine motor, self-help adaptive, social/emotional, receptive language, and expressive language were rated High Readiness. Specific skills requiring further reinforcement were identified, particularly in self-help adaptive, expressive language, and selected fine motor and receptive language indicators. Based on these findings, a School Readiness Enhancement Plan was proposed to sustain developmental strengths and address areas needing additional support through coordinated school- and home-based interventions.
Downloads
References
Abriol, M., et al. (2022). Kindergarten readiness in the new normal. European Journal of Education. https://www.ej-edu.org/index.php/ejedu/article/view/424
Alias, N., et al. (2024). Early learning and school readiness indicators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11377015/
Alzahrani, A., et al. (2025). Digital tools and early childhood development outcomes. JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12306351/
Amarillo, R., & San Jose, A. (2025). Kindergarten learning competencies in Davao Occidental. ResearchSquare. https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6109669/v1
Añoda, J. (2024). District learning performance report: Davao de Oro. Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/708388500/SY-2023-2024-2ND-QUARTER-PL-OF-DIVISION-OF-DAVAO-DE-ORO
Benavides, H., et al. (2024). Communication development among early learners. Frontiers in Communication. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/communication/articles/10.3389/fcomm.2024.1368076/full
Cárdenas, N., et al. (2024). Early childhood predictors of school readiness. Early Education and Development. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02568543.2023.2281563
Capelli, O. (2024). Speech development milestones in kindergarten-aged children. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. https://pubs.asha.org/doi/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00815
Chen, L., et al. (2024). Environmental factors influencing school readiness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/21/8/1100
Copeland, W., et al. (2024). COVID-19 disruptions and child development. JAMA Pediatrics. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2814615
Dadras, O., et al. (2024). Developmental vulnerabilities in early learners. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11562857/
Dy, A. (2024). Philippine early childhood development status. Ateneo de Manila University. https://archium.ateneo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1284&context=asmph-pubs
Doctor, E., & Macalisang, R. (2024). Kindergarten readiness in Misamis Occidental. SprinJournals. https://sprinpub.com/sjahss/article/view/sjahss-3-2-5-26-34
Emerson, E., et al. (2023). Developmental challenges among young children. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jir.12976
Fernandes, A., & Lima, R. (2024). Socio-emotional development differences in early learners. Estudos de Psicologia. https://www.scielo.br/j/estpsi/a/kPqh6BJ5ZwkF69GrnC9Wh8g/?format=pdf&lang=en
Gibson, A. (2024). Factors influencing early literacy readiness. South African Journal of Childhood Education. https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1226/2632
González, L., et al. (2022). COVID-19 and early development delays. Frontiers in Psychology. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9111374/
Hagen, A. (2022). Predictors of early childhood readiness. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00313831.2021.1939136
Head Start (HHS). (2025). School readiness overview. https://headstart.gov/browse/topic/school-readiness
Hosokawa, R. (2024). Parenting and child socio-emotional development. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11657640/
Hunter, S., et al. (2020). Early motor skills and learning outcomes. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9119566/
Hussain, M. (2022). Learning losses and kindergarten readiness. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9730891/
Hutchins, T., et al. (2021). Early developmental assessment outcomes. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9694117/
Hwang, Y. (2025). Cognitive readiness among preschool learners. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957225000877
Jacob, M. (2024). Kindergarten readiness and literacy indicators. https://journal.uinmataram.ac.id/index.php/tatsqif/article/download/8026/3598
Jiang, Y., et al. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of early learning readiness. https://earlylearningnetwork.unl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/prevelance-and-prediction.pdf
Józsa, K. (2022). Executive functions as predictors of school readiness. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9503726/
Jun, J. (2025). Global variability in kindergarten readiness. Early Childhood Education Research Quarterly. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666374025000512
Kotzsch, M. (2025). Neurodevelopmental readiness among early learners. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11939676/
Lee, H., et al. (2024). Health and developmental readiness in early learners. BMC Public Health. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-024-18361-9.pdf
Lee, M., et al. (2024). Childhood developmental competencies in Korea. https://e-cacd.org/upload/pdf/cacd-2024-01452.pdf
LENA. (2024). Understanding kindergarten readiness. https://www.lena.org/resources/blog-posts/understanding-kindergarten-readiness/
Maryland State Department of Education. (2022). Kindergarten Readiness Assessment Report. https://news.maryland.gov/msde/kindergarten-readiness-assessment-reveals-impact-of-covid-19-on-school-preparedness/
Martí, A., et al. (2018). Fine motor skills and later academic performance. Frontiers in Psychology. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00759/full
Metwally, M., et al. (2023). National developmental screening: Egypt. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374844783
Mitiku, T., et al. (2023). Developmental delays and predictors. BMC Pediatrics. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12887-023-04461-9
Molnár, G., et al. (2023). Cognitive skills and readiness levels. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095947522200127X
Montañez, C., et al. (2024). Early cognitive-linguistic development. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11920612/
Öngören, S. (2021). Socio-emotional development in early childhood. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1310376.pdf
Palmer, K. (2025). Motor development trajectories among preschoolers. Journal of Motor Learning and Development. https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/jmld/13/2/article-p389.xml
Perrigo, J., et al. (2025). Cognitive readiness in diverse populations. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11894545/
Poza, A. (2025). Human factors in early learning technology use. https://humanfactors.jmir.org/2025/1/e60424/
Pranoto, Y. (2022). School readiness in Southeast Asian learners. https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125979381.pdf
Rakesh, D. (2024). Socioeconomic disparities in school readiness. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273229724000194
Ramos, R. (2021). Readiness assessment of kindergarten learners in the Philippines. https://www.ijams-bbp.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/IJAMS-OCTOBER-44-56.pdf
Schoch, S., et al. (2023). Benefits of early childhood education: National brief. https://acf.gov/sites/default/files/documents/opre/%232023-226
Seno, C. (2025). Enabling ECCD-based activities for kindergarten learners. Excellencia IMJE. (Your adopted instrument)
Sosu, E. (2023). ECE attendance and school readiness across countries. https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/83682/7/Sosu_Pimenta_ECRQ_2023_Early_childhood_education_attendance_and_school_readiness.pdf
Srinithiwat, B., et al. (2025). Cognitive development predictors in Asian early learners. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825012521
Tuncdemir, B. (2025). Socio-emotional determinants of school readiness. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02568543.2025.2567504
Turnbull, K., et al. (2025). Home learning environments and readiness. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11825573/
UNESCO (2022). School readiness policy guidance. https://policytoolbox.iiep.unesco.org/policy-option/school-readiness/
UNICEF (2024). Social-emotional learning in early childhood. https://www.unicef.org/philippines/media/7371/file/SEL%20paper.pdf
Veldman, S., et al. (2019). Gross motor skills and school outcomes. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jpc.14684
Xu, S., et al. (2024). Cognitive-linguistic readiness in early learners. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11251986/
Yang, H. (2021). Executive functioning and early learning. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.649680/full
Zhang, L., et al. (2025). Neurological foundations of school readiness. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12457422/
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
